Table 5. Top 20 differentially methylated CpG sites following supplementation.
| CpG | chr | Position | Gene symbol | LogFC | Average expression | P-value | Adjusted p-value |
| cg05616135 | chr20 | 57144849 | APCDD1L-AS1 | −0.2323 | 0.0400 | 2.92E-50 | 2.53E-44 |
| cg17341477 | chr12 | 133246679 | POLE | 0.3845 | 0.9202 | 2.00E-48 | 8.64E-43 |
| cg09259694 | chr2 | 65659878 | SPRED2 | −0.0733 | 0.0189 | 1.57E-47 | 4.53E-42 |
| cg18778932 | chr2 | 180872150 | CWC22 | −0.2299 | 0.0415 | 2.01E-45 | 4.34E-40 |
| cg15558146 | chr4 | 75859765 | PARM1 | −0.3259 | 0.0617 | 4.13E-42 | 7.15E-37 |
| cg18319687 | chr5 | 179225515 | MIR1229; MGAT4B | 0.4906 | 0.8380 | 2.67E-40 | 3.85E-35 |
| cg09290506 | chr12 | 58165961 | METTL1; FAM119B | −0.1110 | 0.0308 | 7.58E-40 | 9.36E-35 |
| cg26464006 | chr10 | 1034338 | GTPBP4 | −0.0598 | 0.0147 | 3.24E-39 | 3.50E-34 |
| cg02514649 | chr11 | 124633449 | LOC101929340; ESAM | 0.4581 | 0.8808 | 1.45E-38 | 1.40E-33 |
| cg14112041 | chr9 | 91262358 | LOC286238 | 0.3783 | 0.9110 | 2.71E-38 | 2.35E-33 |
| cg25325125 | chr10 | 71217644 | TSPAN15 | 0.2176 | 0.9230 | 4.25E-37 | 3.34E-32 |
| cg09213347 | chr11 | 105948576 | AASDHPPT; KBTBD3 | −0.0415 | 0.0148 | 1.79E-33 | 1.29E-28 |
| cg04194852 | chr15 | 63334506 | TPM1 | −0.0627 | 0.0182 | 7.08E-33 | 4.71E-28 |
| cg19963747 | chr17 | 79633496 | C17orf90; CCDC137 | −0.0870 | 0.0294 | 5.62E-32 | 3.47E-27 |
| cg02344857 | chr2 | 242448155 | STK25 | −0.1144 | 0.0372 | 1.39E-31 | 8.04E-27 |
| cg16467235 | chr4 | 2964838 | GRK4; NOP14 | −0.0428 | 0.0145 | 2.41E-31 | 1.30E-26 |
| cg18160677 | chr18 | 20939027 | TMEM241 | −0.1251 | 0.0397 | 6.68E-30 | 3.40E-25 |
| cg02690969 | chr17 | 7590615 | WRAP53; TP53 | −0.0491 | 0.0248 | 1.34E-29 | 6.44E-25 |
| cg07317881 | chr13 | 76123796 | UCHL3; COMMD6 | −0.0693 | 0.0257 | 1.54E-28 | 7.01E-24 |
| cg10269358 | chr19 | 17728585 | UNC13A | 0.2123 | 0.9279 | 7.52E-28 | 3.25E-23 |
Each CpG site is identified by its chromosomal location, base pair position, and associated gene symbol (when it is not an intergenic CpG site). The mean log fold change (LogFC) denotes the directionality and magnitude of the methylation change across the timepoint 4 (12 months) compared to baseline, with negative values indicating hypomethylation and positive values indicating hypermethylation. This is followed by the mean expression levels of each CpG site across all four timepoints. The last two columns report both nominal p-values and the False Discovery Rate (FDR) adjusted p-values.