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. 2025 Mar 28;12:1548597. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1548597

Table 3B.

Complication rates per patient for FIs of the orbital region (ORB).

Implant material TI PEEK PPE ME HA (/PLLA) SI PMMA ePTFE HTR PRO GC PCL
Total number of patients 447 0 693 0 376 87 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total complication rate [%] 46 (10) 0 52 (7.5) 0 26 (6.9) 9 (10) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Infection/inflammation [%] 10 (2.2) 0 14 (2.0) 0 0 1 (1.1) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hematoma [%] 0 0 0 0 3 (0.80) 2 (2.3) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Persistent pain [%] 8 (1.8) 0 8 (1.2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nerve injury [%] 25 (5.6) 0 27 (3.9) (2) 0 23 (6.1) 6 (6.9) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wound dehiscence [%] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Implant exposure [%] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Displacement/extrusion [%] 3 (0.67) 0 3 (0.43) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bone resorption [%] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bone erosion [%] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TI, titanium; PEEK, polyetheretherketone; PPE, polyethylene; ePTFE, expanded polytetrafluorethylene; SI, silicone; ME, mersilene; HA/PLLA, hydroxylapatite/poly-l-lactide; PCL, polycaprolactone; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; GC, glass ceramics; PRO, Proplast; ZR, zirconium oxide; HTR, hard tissue replacement; FH, forehead; MF, midface; OF, orbitofrontal; FN, frontonasal; ORB, orbital; NOSE, nose; PN, paranasal; MAX, maxilla; MAN, mandible, MAL, malar; CHIN, chin.

Bold values indicate total numbers.