Skip to main content
. 2025 Apr 11;15:12367. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97396-3

Table 3.

Risk of sleep disorder among different subtypes of dry eye.

Dry eye Non-Dry eye
N No. of event N No. of event HR (95% C.I.)
Sjögren syndrome (M35.0)
Sleep disorder (G47, F51.0, F51.8, F51.9) 95,804 14,307 95,804 13,186 1.22 (1.20–1.25)
G47 Sleep disorders 95,804 13,472 95,804 12,098 1.26 (1.23–1.29)
G47.0 Insomnia 95,804 6021 95,804 5789 1.16 (1.12–1.21)
G47.3 Sleep apnea 95,804 7531 95,804 6000 1.41 (1.37–1.46)
F51.0 Insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition 95,804 2128 95,804 2201 1.10 (1.04–1.17)

F51.8 Other sleep disorders not due to a substance or known

physiological condition

95,804 127 95,804 74 1.89 (1.42–2.52)

F51.9 Sleep disorder not due to a substance or known physiological

condition, unspecified

95,804 25 95,804 18 1.59 (0.87–2.92)
Meibomian gland dysfunction of eyelid (H02.88)
Sleep disorder (G47, F51.0, F51.8, F51.9) 82,119 8884 82,119 12,452 0.98 (0.95–1.01)
G47 Sleep disorders 82,119 8339 82,119 11,601 0.99 (0.96–1.02)
G47.0 Insomnia 82,119 3253 82,119 5102 0.91 (0.87–0.95)
G47.3 Sleep apnea 82,119 4899 82,119 6241 1.10 (1.06–1.14)
F51.0 Insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition 82,119 1217 82,119 1849 1.04 (0.97–1.12)

F51.8 Other sleep disorders not due to a substance or known

physiological condition

82,119 58 82,119 52 1.68 (1.14–2.47)

F51.9 Sleep disorder not due to a substance or known physiological

condition, unspecified

82,119 10 82,119 15 0.64 (0.27–1.51)