Table 1. Association of sociodemographic and clinical variables of COVID-19 patients with mortality. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; INR, Indian National Rupees; ICU, intensive care unit; * statistically significant (P value <0.05).
| Variable | Survived (n = 4404) |
Dead (n = 557) |
Total (n = 4961) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (%) Male Female |
2886 (88.9) 1518 (88.6) |
362 (11.1) 195 (11.4) |
3248 (100) 1713 (100) |
0.801 |
| Age categories, years (%) < 20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 > 80 |
57 (93.4) 281 (93.0) 725 (90.6) 1134 (88.5) 1133 (89.5) 691 (88.4) 295 (88.6) 88 (65.2) |
4 (6.6) 21 (7.0) 75 (9.4) 148 (11.5) 133 (10.5) 91 (11.6) 38 (11.4) 47 (34.8) |
61 (100) 302 (100) 800 (100) 1282 (100) 1266 (100) 782 (100) 333 (100) 135 (100) |
0.001* |
| Religion (%) Hinduism Islam Christianity Others |
2440 (89.6) 846 (87.9) 472 (89.7) 646 (86.1) |
282 (10.4) 117 (12.1) 54 (10.3) 104 (13.9) |
2722 (100) 963 (100) 526 (100) 750 (100) |
0.035* |
| Area (%) Rural Urban |
1042 (85.3) 3362 (89.9) |
179 (14.7) 378 10.1) |
1221 (100) 3740 (100) |
0.001* |
| Education (%) Illiterate Elementary school Secondary school High school University |
325 (92.1) 500 (90.9) 585 (89.7) 680 (87.3) 2301 (87.9) |
28 (7.9) 50 (9.1) 67 (10.3) 95 (12.2) 317 (12.1) |
353 (100) 550 (100) 652 (100) 779 (100) 2627 (100) |
0.049* |
| Occupation (%) Unemployed Unskilled worker Semi-skilled worker Farmer/shop owner Skilled worker Professional |
574 (87.1) 1028 (90.1) 716 (90.5) 790 (88.8) 706 (89.1) 590 (85.8) |
85 (12.9) 113 (9.9) 75 (9.5) 100 (11.2) 86 (10.9) 98 (14.2) |
659 (100) 1141 (100) 791 (100) 890 (100) 792 (100) 688 (100) |
0.027* |
| Total family monthly income (INR) (%) <20000 20001-30000 30001-40000 40001-50000 >50000 |
2046 (88.4) 1016 (90.2) 429 (86.1) 423 (92.0) 490 (87.3) |
269 (11.6) 111 (9.8) 69 (13.9) 37 (8.0) 71 (12.7) |
2315 (100) 1127 (100) 498 (100) 460 (100) 561 (100) |
0.019* |
| Comorbidities (%) Yes No |
3028 (85.4) 1376 (97.3) |
519 (14.6) 38 (2.7) |
3547 (100) 1414 (100) |
0.001* |
| Number of comorbidities (%) No comorbidity 1 comorbidity 2 comorbidities 3 comorbidities ≥ 4 comorbidities |
1378 (97.5) 1328(95.7) 996 (92.1) 447 (78.0) 255 (50.7) |
38 (2.5) 59 (4.3) 86 (7.9) 126 (22.6) 248 (49.3) |
1416 (100) 1387 (100) 1082 (100) 573 (100) 503 (100) |
0.001* |
| Diabetes (%) Yes No |
1719 (81.2) 2685 (94.4) |
397 (18.8) 160 (5.6) |
2116 (100) 2845 (100) |
0.001* |
| Hypertension (%) Yes No |
1739 (81.4) 2665 (94.4) |
398 (18.6) 159 (5.6) |
2137 (100) 2824(100) |
0.001* |
| Cold and flu (%) Yes No |
3875 (88.4) 529 (91.8) |
510 (11.3) 47 (8.2) |
4385 (100) 576 (100) |
0.013* |
| Sore throat (%) Yes No |
3098 (88.9) 1306 (88.5) |
388 (11.6) 169 (11.5) |
3486 (100) 1475 (100) |
0.467 |
| Diarrhea (%) Yes No |
1308 (88.4) 3096 (88.9) |
171 (11.6) 386 (11.1) |
1479 (100) 3482 (100) |
0.627 |
| Pain in abdomen (%) Yes No |
2310 (87.9) 2094 (89.8) |
318 (12.1) 239 (10.2) |
2628 (100) 2333 (100) |
0.039* |
| Loss of smell (%) Yes No |
2570 (88.7) 1834 (88.9) |
327 (11.3) 230 (11.1) |
2897 (100) 2064 (100) |
0.908 |
| Loss of taste (%) Yes No |
1561 (89.2) 2843 (88.5) |
189 (10.8) 368 (11.5) |
1750 (100) 3211 (100) |
0.481 |
| Breathlessness (%) Yes No |
2654 (87.9) 1750 (90.2) |
366 (12.1) 191 (9.8) |
3020 (100) 1941 (100) |
0.013* |
| Disease severity (%) Mild Moderate Severe |
1832 (91.6) 1724 (88.9) 848 (83.0) |
168 (8.4) 215 (11.1) 174 (17.0) |
2000 (100) 1939 (100) 1022 (100) |
0.001* |
| ICU admission (%) Yes No |
2122 (81.1) 2282 (97.4) |
496 (18.9) 61 (2.6) |
2618 (100) 2343 (100) |
0.001* |
| Ventilator support (%) Yes No |
791 (62.7) 3613 (97.6) |
470 (37.3) 87 (2.4) |
1261 (100) 3700 (100) |
0.001* |