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. 2025 Feb 27;6(Suppl 2):100420. doi: 10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100420

Table 2.

Minimum training requirements for the practice of medical ultrasound in Europe.

Level 1: practice at this level would usually require the following abilities
To perform common examinations safely and accurately
To recognize and differentiate normal anatomy and pathology
To diagnose common abnormalities within certain organ systems
To recognize when referral for a second opinion is indicated



Level 2: practice at this level would usually require the following abilities
To accept and manage referrals from Level 1 practitioners
To recognize and correctly diagnose almost all pathology within the relevant organ system
To perform basic, non-complex ultrasound-guided invasive procedures
To teach ultrasound to trainees and to Level 1 practitioners
To conduct some research in ultrasound



Level 3: this is an advanced level of practice, which involves the following abilities
To accept tertiary referrals from Level 1 and 2 practitioners
To perform specialized ultrasound examinations
To perform advanced ultrasound-guided invasive procedures
To conduct substantial research in ultrasound
To teach ultrasound at all levels
To be aware of and to pursue developments in ultrasound