AGEs	Advanced glycosylation end products
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
B1	Vitamin B1
BAVA	Attenuated brachial artery vasoactivity
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BCAAs	Branched-chain amino acids
CALR	Calreticulin
CF	Coronary flow
CI	Confidence interval
CPT1/2	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DLVP	Diastolic left ventricular development
DM	Diabetes mellitus
DOX	Doxorubicin
dp/dt max	Maximum rate of left ventricular development
dp/dt min	Minimum rate of left ventricular development
EAR	Estimated average requirement
EDV	Endothelium-dependent vasodilation
EF	Ejection fraction
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ETK	Erythrocyte transketolase
ETKA	Erythrocyte transketolase activation assay
FAD	Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FADH2	Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FBS	Fasting blood sugar
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FS	Fractional shortening
GDM	Gestational diabetes mellitus
GSH	Glutathione
HACL1	2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
HDLs	High-density lipoproteins
HF	Heart failure
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HO•	Hydroxyl radicals
HO-1	Heme oxygenase 1
HOO•	Hydroperoxyl radicals
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatography
HPLC–MS/MS	High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
HR	Heart rate
hs-CRP	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
hTHTR-1	Human thiamine transporter-1
hTHTR-2	Human thiamine transporter-2
hTPPT	Human thiamine pyrophosphate transporter
HUVECs	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
IC50	Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IGT	Impaired glucose tolerance
iNOS	Nitric oxide inducible synthase
JAK2	Janus kinase 2
KGDHC	Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
LDLc	Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
L-NAME	NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester
LV	Left ventricle
LVEF	Left ventricular ejection fraction
LVIDd	Left ventricle internal dimension at end-diastole
LVIDs	Left ventricle internal dimension at end-systole
LVPWd	Left ventricle internal dimension at end-diastole
LVPWs	Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole
MALDI-MS	Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MI	Myocardial infarction
MTPP-1	Mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter 1
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-k B	Nuclear factor kappa B
NF-KB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NIDDM	Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
NO	Nitric oxide
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
OCT1	Organic cation transporter 1
OCT2/3	Organic cation transporter 2 and 3
OR	Odds ratio
P2Y6	Pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6
PAD	Peripheral arterial disease
PARP	Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PDH	Pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDK	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
PPP	Pentose phosphate pathway
RBCs	Red blood cells
RBS	Random blood sugar
RDA	Recommended daily allowance
RF	Renal failure
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAM	Severe acute malnutrition
SLC19A1	Solute carrier family 19 member 1
SLC19A2	Solute carrier family 19 member 2
SLC19A3	Solute carrier family 19 member 3
SLC22A1	Solute carrier family 22 member 1
SLC25A19	Solute carrier family 25 member 19
SLC35F3	Solute carrier family 35 member F3
SLC44A4	Solute carrier family 44 member 4
SLVP	Systolic left ventricular development
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
Sp1	Transcription factor specificity protein-1
STIM1	Stromal Interaction Molecule 1
T1D	Type 1 diabetes
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCA	Tricarboxylic citric acid
TD	Thiamine deficiency
TDDs	Thiamine deficiency disorders
ThDP	Thiamine diphosphate
THIA	Thiamine
THTR1	Thiamine transporter-1
THTR2	Thiamine transporter-2
TK	Transketolase enzyme
TMP	Thiamine monophosphate
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TPK1	Thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1
TPP	Thiamine pyrophosphate
TPPE	Effect of thiamine pyrophosphate
TPPT-1	Thiamine pyrophosphate transporter 1
TRMA	Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia
TSH	Thyroid-stimulating hormone
US	United States
UTP	Uridine 5′-triphosphate
Vo2	Oxygen consumption