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. 2025 Mar 31;14(7):1231. doi: 10.3390/foods14071231
AA Amino acids
ALC Average local confidence
ANOVA Analysis of variance
DM2 Diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes
DMEM High-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DPP-IV Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FBS Fetal bovine serum
HPLC-MS/MS High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Tandem mass spectrometry
IC50 Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
IL-6 Interleukin-6
LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
MW Molecular weight
NO Nitric oxide
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
pI Isoelectric point
RCSB Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics
SGID Simulated gastrointestinal digestion
TLR4/MD-2 Toll-like receptor 4/Myeloid differentiation protein-2
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α
UN United Nations
WHO World Health Organization