15d-PGJ2	15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2
5-FU	fluorouracil
AF	activation function
AgRC	agonist–receptor complex
AnRC	antagonist–receptor complex
AIF	apoptosis-inducing factor
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
ALPI	alkaline phosphatase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AP1	activator protein 1
BAX	BCL2-associated X protein
Bcl	B-cell lymphoma proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL)
BRAF	B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma
BRCA1	breast cancer gene 1
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAF	cancer-associated fibroblasts
CASP1	caspase 1
CAT	catalase
CBP	CREB-binding protein
CCL2	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
CCND1	cyclin D1
CD	complex of differentiation
CDK5	cyclin-dependent kinase 5
c-FLIP	flice-inhibitory protein
CHK2	checkpoint kinase 2
CGZ	ciglitazone
CNS	central nervous system
CCND1	cyclin D1
COX2	cyclooxygenase 2
CTL	cytotoxic lymphocyte
CTLA	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen
CXCL12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12
DBD	DNA-binding domain
DC	dendritic cell
DHA	docosahexanoic acid
DOPA	3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
DOPA enzyme	tyrosine hydroxylase
DR	death receptor
DTIC	dacarbazine
ECM	extracellular matrix
EFZ	multidrug resistance 1
EGF	epidermal growth factor
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
eIF2	eukaryotic initiation factor 2
EPA	eicosopentanoic acid
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½
FABP4	fatty acid-binding protein 4
FAK	focal adhesion kinase
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FOS	this protein name originates from Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins (FBJ) murine osteosarcoma virus
GPX	glutathione peroxidase
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase-3β
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HDAC3	histone deacetylase 3
HIF1 α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
HMOX1	heme oxygenase-1
IFNG	interferon γ
IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IGFBP3	insulin growth factor-binding protein 3
IGF1	insulin growth factor 1
IKK-α	inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase subunit α
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
JUN	this protein name originates from “ju-nana”, the Japanese word for “17”,じゅうなな, (e.g., a viral oncogene v-jun means the seventeenth viral oncogene in English)
KLRG1	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1
LAG3	lymphocyte-activation gene 3
LBD	ligand-binding domain
LC-PUFA	long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid
LXR	liver X receptor
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MC1R	melanocortin-1 receptor
MCAD1	medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
MDR1	multidrug resistance 1
MDSC	myeloid-derived suppressor cell
MHC1	major histocompatibility complex class I
MITF	microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
α-MSH	α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
NCoA	nuclear receptor coactivator
NCoR	nuclear receptor corepressor
NFκB	nuclear factor κB
NRF2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NSCLC	non-small cell lung cancer
NYHA	New York Heart Association
Octa	2,4,6-octatrienoic acid
O-GlcNAc	β-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine
p70S6K	p70 ribosomal S6 kinase
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PDK4	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4
PD-L1	programmed death ligand 1
PERK	protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PGC-1α	PPAR-γ coactivator-1α
PGC-1β	PPAR-γ coactivator-1β
PGZ	pioglitazone
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKA	protein kinase A
PKB	protein kinase B
PKC	protein kinase C
PKR	protein kinase RNA-activated
PLA2	phospholipase A2
PLC	phospholipase C
PPAR-α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
PPAR-β/δ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ
PPAR-γ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
PPRE	peroxisome proliferator response element
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10
PUFA	polyunsaturated fatty acid
RB1	retinoblastoma 1
RGZ	rosiglitazone
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RXR- α	retinoid X receptor α
SHC	Src homology and collagen
SMAD2	mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2
SMRT	silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors
SNP	single-nucleotide polymorphism
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SRC	sarcoma family member
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
T2D	type 2 diabetes
TAM	tumor-associated macrophage
TetO	tetracycline operator
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
TIM3	T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3
TME	tumor microenvironment
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
TP53	tumor protein p53
TRAIL	TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
Treg	regulatory T cell
TRPM1	transient receptor potential melastatin 1
TRP1	tyrosinase-related protein-1
TRP2	tyrosinase-related protein-2
TZD	thiazolidinedione
TYR	tyrosinase
VCAM1	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
VDR	vitamin D receptor
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VILL1	villin 1
WNT	wingless-related integration site