ACC	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ACC1	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Cytosolic Isoform)
ACC2	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (Mitochondrial Isoform)
AHI	Apnea–hypopnea index
AKT	Protein kinase B
ALD	Alcoholic liver disease
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
Apo AI	Apolipoprotein A-I
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
BA	Bile acid
BALANCED	A study name related to FGF21
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMI	Body mass index
BSEP	Bile salt export pump
CAD	Coronary artery disease
CAFLD	Combined causes of fatty liver disease
CAPE	Caffeic acid phenethyl ester
CCN2	Cellular communication network 2 (another name for CTGF)
CCR2/CCR5	C-C chemokine receptors 2 and 5
Ch-REBP	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein
CIH	Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia
CK18	Cytokeratin 18
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CRP	C-reactive Protein
CTGF	Connective tissue growth factor
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
CYP7A1	Cholesterol 7 Alpha-Hydroxylase
CYP8B1	Cytochrome P450 Family 8 Subfamily B Member 1
DGAT2	Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2
DIO1	Deiodinase Type 1
DNL	De novo lipogenesis
DPP-4	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4
DSF	Disulfiram
EAT	Epicardial adipose tissue
ECM	Extracellular matrix
Epigenome	The chemical changes to DNA that regulate gene expression
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ERK1/2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½
ESFLD	End-stage fatty liver disease
ESKD	End-stage kidney disease
FAFLD	Advanced stage fibrotic fatty liver disease
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FFA s	Free fatty acids
FGF15	Fibroblast growth factor 15
FGF19	Fibroblast growth factor 19
FGF21	Fibroblast growth factor 21
FGFR4	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4
FLD	Fatty Liver Disease
FMT	Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
GAFLD	Genetics-associated fatty liver disease
GCKR	Glucokinase regulatory protein (Gene)
Genome	The complete set of genes or genetic material in an organism
GIP	Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
GLP-1	Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
GS-0976	Firsocostat (Gilead’s ACC inhibitor)
H2S	Hydrogen sulphide
HARMONY	A phase 2 trial name
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HDL-C	High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HMG-CoA	3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A
HOMA-IR	Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
HSC	Hepatic stellate cells
Hs-CRP	Highly Sensitive C-Reactive Protein
HSCs	Hepatic stellate cells
IBS	Irritable bowel syndrome
IL-18	Interleukin-18
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
IL-31	Interleukin 31
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IR	Insulin resistance
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
LAFLD	Lipodystrophy-associated fatty liver disease
LDL-C	Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LDL-R	Low-density lipoprotein receptor
LOX	Lysyl oxidase
LOXL2	Lysyl oxidase Like 2
LPO	Lipid peroxidation
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LSECs	Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
M1	Macrophage Type 1 (Pro-inflammatory)
MASLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
MASH	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
lMASLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MBOAT7	Membrane Bound O-acyltransferase Domain-Containing 7 (Gene)
MCP-1	Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
Metabolome	The complete set of small-molecule metabolites in an organism
MetS	Metabolic syndrome
Microbiome	The community of microorganisms living in and on the body
MK-4074	An MSD drug (ACC inhibitor)
mTOR	Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin
MUFA	Mono-unsaturated fatty acids
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NAS	Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NLRP3	NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (inflammasome)
NO	Nitric oxide
NTCP	Sodium-Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide
OAFLD	Obesity-associated fatty liver disease
OATP1	Organic Anion Transporter Polypeptide 1
OCA	Obeticholic acid
OSA	Obstructive Sleep Apnea
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PF-05175157	A Pfizer drug (ACC1 inhibitor)
PF-05221304	A Pfizer drug (ACC2 inhibitor)
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
PNPLA3	Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing 3 (Gene)
PON1	Paraoxonase 1
PPAR-α	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α
PROC3,4,8	Proinflammatory Cytokine 3, 4, and 8
Proteome	The entire set of proteins produced by an organism
PUFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Ras	Rat Sarcoma (a family of proteins)
RhoA	Ras Homolog Family Member A
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAFLD	Sarcopenia-associated fatty liver disease
SCFA s	Short-chain fatty acids
SGLT	Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter
SGLT1	Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 1
SGLT2	Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2
SHP	Small heterodimer partner
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
Smad	Suppressor of Mothers against Decapentaplegic
SNPs	Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (genetic variations)
SREBP-1c	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
SSB s	Sugar-sweetened beverages
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
T3	Triiodothyronine
T4	Thyroxine
TC	Total cholesterol
TG	Triglycerides
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TGR5	G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1
THR-α	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha
THR-β	Thyroid hormone receptor beta
TLR4	Toll-Like Receptor 4
TM6SF2	Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (Gene)
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Transcriptome	The full range of messenger RNA molecules expressed by an organism
TSB	Total Stool Bacteria
TSH	Thyroid-stimulating hormone
TZD	Thiazolidinediones
UPR	Unfolded protein response
Vitamin D	Vitamin D (commonly referred in discussions about bone health)
XAFLD	Fatty liver disease of multiple/unknown causes
β-oxidation	Beta-Oxidation
β-trophin	Beta-Trophin