LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
Pa JY062	Lactobacillus paracei JY062 postbiotics
Re JL-1	Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL-1 postbiotics
VB6	Pyridoxal hydrochloride
GABA	γ-aminobutyric acid
Rh J1	Lactobacillus reuteri J1 postbiotics
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-17a	Interleukin-17a
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
IL-10	Interleukin-10
NO	Nitric oxide
TEER	Transmembrane electrical resistance
FITC	Fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate
mRNA	Messenger RNA
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1
MUC2	Mucin 2
DSS	Dextran sodium sulfate
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
kDa	Kilodalton
PBS	Phosphate-buffered saline
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
MRS	Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe
AP	Apical side
BA	Basal side
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
OD	Optical density
cDNA	Complementary DNA
RT-qPCR	Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
SGF	Simulated gastric fluid
SIF	Simulated intestinal fluid
OPA	O-phthalaldehyde
ASV	Amplicon sequence variant
GC-MS	Gas chromatograohy-mass spectrometry
LC-MS/MS	Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
ANOVA	One-way analysis of variance
Ctrl	Control
TGF -β	Transforming growth factor-β
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
IL-12p40	Interleukin-12 p40 subunit
IL-23p19	Interleukin-23 p19 subunit
Th1	helper T cell 1
Th2	helper T cell 2
LDA	linear discriminant analysis
LEfSe	LDA effect size
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease