AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
Akt	Protein kinase B
BW	Body weight
C3G	Cyanidin-3-glucoside
DNL	De novo lipogenesis
EDL	Extensor digitorum longus
FOXO1	Forkhead box O1
GLUT4	Glucose transporter type 4
GPCR	G-protein-coupled receptors
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GSK3	Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
IL	Interleukin
IR	Insulin resistance
IRS	Insulin receptor substrates
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAFLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-kappa B
PDK1	Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PI3K/Akt	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B
PIP2	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
PIP3	Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Rheb	Ras homolog enriched in the brain
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RTK	Receptor tyrosine kinases
SGBS	Human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
TSC1/2	Tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2
ULK1	Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1
WHO	World Health Organization