PI3K	phosphoinositide-3-kinase
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor
PIP3	phosphoinositide-3,4,5-trisphosphate
PDK1	phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
FoxO	Forkhead Box
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
MuRF1	muscle ring finger 1
MAFbx	muscle atrophy F-box
mTORC1	mTOR Complex 1
mTORC2	mTOR Complex 2
GDF-8	growth and differentiation factor 8
TGF-β	transforming growth factor beta
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
CIFs	cachexia-inducing factors
UCP1	uncoupling protein 1
LMF	lipid-mobilizing factors
HMB	β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
FMSPs	food for special medical purposes
MT-ONS	targeted oral nutritional supplementation
PAL	physical activity level
REE	resting energy expenditure
TEE	total energy expenditure
EPA	eicosapentaenoic acid