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. 2025 Mar 30;25(7):2193. doi: 10.3390/s25072193
YOLO You Only Look Once
RFAG-YOLO receptive field attention-guided YOLO
RFN receptive field network
SAF scale-aware feature
RPN Region Proposal Network
SSD Single Shot MultiBox Detector
PGI Programmable Gradient Information
NMS Non-Maximum Suppression
SAS-FPN multi-scale feature pyramid network
CBAM Convolutional Block Attention Module
RFA receptive field attention
PAN-FPN path aggregation network–feature pyramid network
DFL Distribution Focal Loss
FPN feature pyramid network
FPS frames per second
Grad-CAM Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping
PANet path aggregation network
ESDNet Effective Small Object Detection Network
EDF-FAM Enhanced Dual-Path Feature Fusion Attention Module
FDR Fine-grained Distribution Refinement
GO-LSD Global Optimal Localization Self-Distillation