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. 2025 Apr 12;15:12562. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96505-6

Table 1.

The parameters of the cooling configuration in the SPS for the GF-CAIN63 simulations of the He-like Ca beam, the Erbium laser with the photon wavelength Inline graphic nm and the atomic transition Inline graphic for Inline graphic.

PSI beam Inline graphic
m—ion mass 37.332 GeV/Inline graphic
E—mean energy 91.07 TeV
Inline graphic—mean Lorentz relativistic factor 2439.5
N—number ions per bunch Inline graphic
Inline graphic—RMS relative energy spread Inline graphic
Inline graphicInline graphic-function at interaction-point (IP) 50 m
Inline graphic—beam geometric emittance Inline graphic
Inline graphic—RMS bunch length 1.5 cm
Bunch repetition rate 20 MHz
Laser Erbium
Inline graphic—photon wavelength 1550 nm
Inline graphic—photon energy 0.799898 eV
Inline graphic—RMS relative band spread Inline graphic
U—single pulse energy at IP 5 mJ
Inline graphic—RMS transverse intensity distribution at IP Inline graphic
Inline graphic—RMS pulse length 2.99792 cm
Inline graphic—collision angle Inline graphic
Inline graphic—number of laser stations 20
Atomic transition of Inline graphic Inline graphic
Inline graphic—resonance energy 3.902 keV
Inline graphic—mean lifetime of spontaneous emission Inline graphic s
Inline graphic—degeneracy factors of the ground and excited states 1, 3
Inline graphic—resonance-peak cross section46 Inline graphic
Inline graphic—angular distribution of emitted photons in ion rest-frame Inline graphic
Inline graphic—maximum emitted photon energy 19.04 MeV