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. 2025 Apr 12;15:12690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96901-y

Table 11.

Statistical test results of GD and p-values for RWMaOP problems.

Problem M D MaOALO MaOPSO MaOSOS MaOMVO NSGA-III MaOMPA p-values
RWMaOP1 9 7 6 4.6667 1.8333 2.6667 4.3333 1.5 0.0001
RWMaOP2 7 3 5.3333 1.3333 3.5 2.5 4.8333 3.5 0.0023
RWMaOP3 5 6 4 1.6667 2.5 5.5 5.5 1.8333 0.0001
RWMaOP4 4 4 5.8333 1 3 2.5 4.3333 4.3333 0.0002

Significant values are in bold.