Table 2.

Statistical test results of GD and $p$-values for WFG problems.

Problem	M	D	MaOALO	MaOPSO	MaOSOS	MaOMVO	NSGA-III	MaOMPA	$p$-values
WFG1	5	14	4	4.8	1	3	4.6	3.6	0.0169
	7	16	3.6	3.8	1	5.8	4.4	2.4	0.0015
WFG2	5	14	4.2	3.6	3.4	6	2	1.8	0.0045
	7	16	3.8	4.4	2.2	6	1.2	3.4	0.0012
WFG3	5	14	5.4	3.2	2.2	5.6	1	3.6	0.0003
	7	16	1.6	1.6	4	6	2.8	5	0.0003
WFG4	5	14	2.2	3.8	1.6	5.6	5.4	2.4	0.0009
	7	16	1.6	2.8	3.8	5.4	5.2	2.2	0.0034
WFG5	5	14	2	4	2.4	5.4	5.6	1.6	0.0005
	7	16	2	3	4	5.8	5.2	1	0.0002
WFG6	5	14	1.6	4	2.8	5.2	5.6	1.8	0.0009
	7	16	1.8	3	4	5.6	5.4	1.2	0.0002
WFG7	5	14	2.6	3.6	1.2	6	5	2.6	0.0005
	7	16	1.8	2.8	4	6	5	1.4	0.0003
WFG8	5	14	2.6	3.8	2.2	5.4	5.6	1.4	0.0007
	7	16	3.2	3.4	2.4	5	6	1	0.0003
WFG9	5	14	2.2	3.6	1.2	6	4	4	0.0015
	7	16	2	2.6	3.4	6	5	2	0.0014

Significant values are in bold.