Table 3.

Results of spacing metric for WFG problems.

Problem	M	D	MaOALO	MaOPSO	MaOSOS	MaOMVO	NSGA-III	MaOMPA
WFG1	5	14	1.0127 ± 0.0334	0.83688 ± 0.0308	0.54804 ± 0.195	0.87886 ± 0.0841	0.98270 ± 0.0681	0.60345 ± 0.0730
	7	16	1.2070 ± 0.110	1.1975 ± 0.0841	1.1607 ± 0.0941	1.3319 ± 0.186	1.7650 ± 0.155	0.82687 ± 0.0699
WFG2	5	14	0.66067 ± 0.146	0.55353 ± 0.0622	0.65075 ± 0.103	0.48623 ± 0.127	0.69233 ± 0.103	0.31764 ± 0.0284
	7	16	1.1717 ± 0.125	0.94543 ± 0.182	1.0307 ± 0.0685	0.72535 ± 0.238	0.86137 ± 0.202	0.53823 ± 0.0984
WFG3	5	14	0.57144 ± 0.0203	0.58385 ± 0.0752	0.40364 ± 0.0365	0.39771 ± 0.0766	0.75537 ± 0.113	0.32180 ± 0.0901
	7	16	0.64281 ± 0.0795	0.59643 ± 0.174	0.76160 ± 0.0296	0.69554 ± 0.0693	1.2777 ± 0.128	0.67988 ± 0.0453
WFG4	5	14	0.83411 ± 0.0197	0.92290 ± 0.0764	0.63476 ± 0.0702	0.69457 ± 0.0392	0.85124 ± 0.0460	0.45077 ± 0.0103
	7	16	1.4517 ± 0.112	1.6718 ± 0.106	1.5248 ± 0.123	1.6934 ± 0.126	1.4678 ± 0.161	0.95666 ± 0.0829
WFG5	5	14	0.83560 ± 0.0331	0.83906 ± 0.0416	0.68450 ± 0.102	0.76683 ± 0.0664	0.82498 ± 0.0353	0.45602 ± 0.0359
	7	16	1.3680 ± 0.0403	1.6719 ± 0.119	1.4471 ± 0.110	1.6074 ± 0.240	1.3521 ± 0.0443	0.88467 ± 0.0778
WFG6	5	14	0.83239 ± 0.0388	0.90446 ± 0.0816	0.69513 ± 0.0794	0.76519 ± 0.0917	0.78216 ± 0.0461	0.48755 ± 0.0574
	7	16	1.4039 ± 0.0968	1.5898 ± 0.176	1.4921 ± 0.188	1.5026 ± 0.106	1.4441 ± 0.0449	0.86176 ± 0.0328
WFG7	5	14	0.87242 ± 0.0303	0.91209 ± 0.110	0.67231 ± 0.105	0.82402 ± 0.0331	0.82415 ± 0.0390	0.43260 ± 0.0522
	7	16	1.4478 ± 0.134	1.8465 ± 0.165	1.4757 ± 0.139	1.5959 ± 0.153	1.6457 ± 0.101	0.81158 ± 0.106
WFG8	5	14	1.0789 ± 0.113	0.86796 ± 0.0633	0.60454 ± 0.0680	0.75985 ± 0.0542	0.88828 ± 0.0381	0.47769 ± 0.0432
	7	16	2.0619 ± 0.133	1.6931 ± 0.102	1.4614 ± 0.0773	1.4699 ± 0.164	2.2170 ± 0.160	0.90960 ± 0.0471
WFG9	5	14	0.79169 ± 0.0634	0.82298 ± 0.0286	0.59598 ± 0.0653	0.74638 ± 0.0932	0.84979 ± 0.0741	0.42837 ± 0.0400
	7	16	1.4849 ± 0.0957	1.5817 ± 0.131	1.2436 ± 0.150	1.5077 ± 0.111	1.5772 ± 0.108	0.78615 ± 0.0752

Significant values are in bold.