Skip to main content
. 2025 Apr 12;15:12690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96901-y

Table 4.

Statistical test results of spacing and p-values for WFG problems.

Problem M D MaOALO MaOPSO MaOSOS MaOMVO NSGA-III MaOMPA p-values
WFG1 5 14 5.6 3.4 1.4 3.6 5.4 1.6 0.0003
7 16 3.8 3.2 2.8 4.2 6 1 0.0015
WFG2 5 14 4.6 3.2 4.6 2.6 5 1 0.0047
7 16 5.6 4 4.6 2.2 3.4 1.2 0.0025
WFG3 5 14 4.4 4.8 2 2.4 5.8 1.6 0.0007
7 16 2.4 1.8 4.6 3.4 6 2.8 0.0041
WFG4 5 14 4.6 5.6 2.2 2.8 4.8 1 0.0004
7 16 3.4 4.8 3.6 5 3.2 1 0.0117
WFG5 5 14 4.8 5 2.6 3 4.6 1 0.0032
7 16 3.2 5.4 3.8 4.8 2.8 1 0.0037
WFG6 5 14 4.8 5.8 2.2 3.6 3.6 1 0.0007
7 16 3 5.2 4 4 3.8 1 0.0141
WFG7 5 14 5 5 2 3.8 4.2 1 0.0016
7 16 2.6 5.6 3 4.2 4.6 1 0.0018
WFG8 5 14 6 4.4 2 3 4.6 1 0.0002
7 16 5.2 3.8 2.4 2.8 5.8 1 0.0003
WFG9 5 14 4.4 4.6 2 3.8 5.2 1 0.0017
7 16 3.4 5 2 4.6 5 1 0.0011

Significant values are in bold.