Table 5.
Major adverse events based on procedural category for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization while on ECMO.
| Procedure | Total (N = 3473) | MAE (n = 400) | No MAE (n = 3073) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic-only catheterization | 1651 (47.54%) | 175 (43.75%) | 1476 (48.03%) | .11 |
| Primary impact procedure | 288 (8.29%) | 43 (10.75%) | 245 (7.97%) | .058 |
| Atrial septal defect closure | 21 (0.60%) | 1 (0.25%) | 20 (0.65%) | .33 |
| Aortic coarctation procedure | 44 (1.27%) | 12 (3.00%) | 32 (1.04%) | <.001 |
| Aortic valvuloplasty | 16 (0.46%) | 3 (0.75%) | 13 (0.42%) | .36 |
| Pulmonary valvuloplasty | 11 (0.32%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (0.36%) | .23 |
| PDA closure | 16 (0.46%) | 4 (1.00%) | 12 (0.39%) | .09 |
| PA stenting | 177 (5.10%) | 25 (6.25%) | 152 (4.95%) | .26 |
| Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement | 6 (0.23%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (0.20%) | .42 |
| Other procedure groups | 1534 (44.17%) | 182 (45.50%) | 1352 (44.0%) | .57 |
| Balloon dilation on the venous side | 209 (6.02%) | 26 (6.50%) | 183 (5.96%) | .67 |
| Stent/device/coil on the venous side | 206 (5.93%) | 33 (8.25%) | 173 (5.63%) | .04 |
| Balloon dilation on the systemic side | 119 (3.43%) | 18 (4.5%) | 101 (3.29%) | .21 |
| Stent/device/coil on the systemic side | 264 (7.60%) | 35 (8.75%) | 229 (7.45%) | .36 |
| Pulmonary vein interventions | 64 (1.84%) | 5 (1.25%) | 59 (1.92%) | .35 |
| Interventions on atrial septum/Fontan baffle/atrial baffle | 778 (22.40%) | 83 (20.75%) | 695 (22.62%) | .40 |
| Biopsies | 201 (5.79%) | 24 (6.00%) | 177 (5.76%) | .85 |
| “Other” | 121 (3.48%) | 27 (6.75%) | 94 (3.06%) | <.001 |
Values are n (%).
ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MAE, major adverse event; PA, pulmonary artery; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.