Table 2.
Results of the association analysis between four types of oral health status indicators and frailty.
| Indicators for classification of outcomes | Analysis indexes | Number of studies | SMD/OR (95%CI) | p | I2 (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dental-related indicators | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of teeth | Overall | 7 | −0.591 (−0.772, −0.411) | <0.001 | 84.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subgroup analysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frailty assessment | FRAIL scale | 1 | −0.675 (−0.980, −0.370) | <0.001 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FI | 2 | −0.677 (−1.256, −0.099) | 0.022 | 95.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CHS | 4 | −0.533 (−0.747, −0.319) | <0.001 | 66.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Region | Asia | 4 | −0.770 (−0.940, −0.600) | <0.001 | 51.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | 3 | −0.387 (−0.463, −0.311) | <0.001 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Functional dentition (≥21 teeth) | Overall | 6 | 0.236 (0.162, 0.344) | <0.001 | 71.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subgroup analysis | Frailty assessment | FRAIL scale | 1 | 0.171 (0.037, 0.798) | 0.025 | 0.0 | FI | 2 | 0.251 (0.104, 0.605) | 0.002 | 88.1 | CHS | 2 | 0.310 (0.218, 0.442) | <0.001 | 0.0 | J-CHS | 1 | 0.168 (0.125, 0.226) | <0.001 | 0.0 | Region | Asia | 5 | 0.216 (0.139, 0.335) | <0.001 | 70.0 | Europe | 1 | 0.328 (0.224, 0.481) | <0.001 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||
| No false teeth | Overall | 7 | 0.733 (0.538, 1.000) | 0.050 | 76.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subgroup analysis | Frailty assessment | FRAIL scale | 1 | 0.539 (0.248, 1.173) | 0.119 | 0.0 | GFI | 1 | 0.457 (0.321, 0.649) | <0.001 | 0.0 | CHS | 4 | 0.981 (0.719, 1.339) | 0.904 | 44.5 | J-CHS | 1 | 0.519 (0.425, 0.634) | <0.001 | 0.0 | Region | Asia | 4 | 0.697 (0.455, 1.067) | 0.096 | 60.3 | Europe | 2 | 0.605 (0.358, 1.024) | 0.061 | 82.6 | North America | 1 | 1.334 (0.861, 2.066) | 0.198 | 0.0 | ||||||||||
| ≤20 teeth, with denture | Overall | 2 | 2.320 (1.703, 3.160) | <0.001 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral hygiene care related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tooth brushing daily | Overall | 2 | 0.562 (0.396, 0.797) | 0.001 | 38.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicators related to oral function | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral moisture | Overall | 3 | 0.214 (−0.067, 0.495) | 0.136 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral dryness (<27) | Overall | 2 | 1.141 (0.594, 2.192) | 0.693 | 65.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tongue pressure (kPa) | Overall | 4 | −0.582 (−1.023, −0.141) | 0.010 | 78.0 | Subgroup analysis | Frailty assessment | FRAIL scale | 1 | −0.649 (−0.953, −0.344) | <0.001 | 0.0 | CHS | 2 | −0.922 (−1.304, −0.540) | <0.001 | 18.8 | J-CHS | 1 | 0.000 (−0.417, 0.417) | 1.000 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Decreased tongue pressure (<30 kPa) | Overall | 2 | 1.618 (1.116, 2.346) | 0.011 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occlusal force (N) | Overall | 3 | −0.526 (−0.808, −0.245) | <0.001 | 62.4 | Subgroup analysis | Frailty assessment | J-CHS | 1 | −0.312 (−0.614, −0.010) | 0.043 | 0.0 | CHS | 2 | −0.674 (−0.774, −0.574) | <0.001 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occlusal force reduced | Overall | 2 | 1.846 (1.208, 2.820) | 0.005 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masticatory function (mg/dl) | Overall | 2 | −0.442 (−1.026, 0.142) | 0.138 | 55.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ODK hypofunction | Overall | 4 | 1.876 (1.334, 2.639) | <0.001 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor mixing ability | Overall | 2 | 2.303 (1.692, 3.134) | <0.001 | 25.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive oral health score | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OHAT scores ≥ 4 | Overall | 2 | 2.501 (1.752, 3.570) | <0.001 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CHS, Cardiovascular health study; CI, Confidence interval; FI, Frailty index; GFI, Groningen frailty indicator; FRAIL, Fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight; mg/dl, Milligrams per deciliter; J-CHS, Japanese version of the CHS; kPa, Kilopascal; ODK, Oral diadochokinesis; OHAT, Oral health assessment tool; OR, Odds ratio; SMD, Standardized mean difference.