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. 2025 Apr 15;17(4):103311. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i4.103311

Table 4.

Comparison of pain level between the two groups, n (%)

Pain-free/mild pain
Moderate/severe pain
Difference, % (95%CI) P value
Double-stent group
Single-stent group
Double-stent group
Single-stent group
Preoperative 39 (97.5) 36 (94.7) 1 (2.5) 2 (5.3) 0.056 (0.175, 0.063) 0.610
After 1 week 38 (95) 35 (92.1) 2 (5) 3 (7.9) 0.058 (0.207, 0.091) 0.671
After 1 month 37 (92.5) 31 (81.6) 3 (7.5) 7 (18.4) 0.218 (-0.407, -0.029) 0.187
After 2 months 38 (95) 26 (68.4) 2 (5) 12 (31.6) 0.532 (-0.711, -0.353) 0.003
After 3 months 38 (95.0) 18 (47.4) 2 (5.0) 20 (52.6) 0.85 (0.7304, 0.9656) < 0.001
After 6 months 31 (77.5) 6 (15.8) 9 (22.5) 32 (84.2) 0.13 (1.0185, 1.4495) < 0.001

Pain-free/mild pain: Visual analog scale (VAS) scores ≤ 3. Moderate/severe pain: VAS scores > 3. The double-stent group underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with a fully-covered self-expandable metallic biliary stent and a pancreatic duct stent, while the single-stent group underwent a fully-covered self-expandable metallic biliary stent only.