Table 2. Dependent variables of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of diploid, tetraploid and mixoploid R. nasutus calli.
| Dependent variables | Ploidy levels | Standard | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diploid | Tetraploid | Mixoploid | Ascorbic acid | |
| Fresh weight (g) | 3.04 ± 0.25a | 3.45 ± 0.33a | 2.72 ± 0.24a | – |
| Dry weight (g) | 0.15 ± 0.01a | 0.14 ± 0.01ab | 0.11 ± 0.02b | – |
| Extraction yield (%) | 11.28 ± 1.16b | 27.56 ± 1.31a | 14.14 ± 1.94b | – |
| TPC (mg GAE/g extract) | 35.59 ± 0.07c | 81.28 ± 0.21a | 70.81 ± 0.12b | – |
| TFC (mg QE/g extract) | 18.67 ± 0.33b | 35.33 ± 0.69a | 18.84 ± 1.07b | – |
| FRAP assay (mg TE/g extract) | 12.65 ± 0.23c | 39.92 ± 0.07a | 28.81 ± 0.25b | – |
| IC50 by DPPH assay (μg/mL) | 268.16 ± 0.70d | 89.13 ± 0.20b | 106.82 ± 0.42c | 5.40 ± 0.01a |
| IC50 by ABTS assay (μg/mL) | 524.28 ± 1.31d | 179.17 ± 0.32b | 279.97 ± 1.11c | 3.18 ± 0.00a |
Note:
Mean ± SE values followed by different superscripts in the same row are significantly different according to ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p < 0.05).