Table 2.
Sleep-related measures in youth with FAPDs and healthy youth
| Measure | All participants (n = 120) |
FAPDs (n = 60) |
Healthy youth (n = 60) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective sleep quality (ASWS-SF) * | 4.1 ± 0.9 (1.1–5.9) | 4.1 ± 0.9 (1.8–5.7) | 4.0 ± 1.0 (1.1–5.9) | 0.32 |
| Going to bed * | 3.7 ± 1.2 (1.0–6.0) | 3.7 ± 1.2 (1.3–6.0) | 3.6 ± 1.2 (1.0–6.0) | 0.78 |
| Falling asleep and re-initiating sleep * | 4.7 ± 1.3 (1.0–6.0) | 4.9 ± 1.2 (2.0–6.0) | 4.6 ± 1.4 (1.0–6.0) | 0.38 |
| Returning to wakefulness * | 2.9 ± 1.4 (1.0–6.0) | 3.1 ± 1.4 (1.0–6.0) | 2.8 ± 1.4 (1.0–6.0) | 0.32 |
| Insomnia symptoms (PISI) * | 10.9 ± 6.9 (1.0–29.0) | 12.9 ± 6.6 (2.0–29.0) | 8.9 ± 6.5 (1.0–29.0) | 0.001 |
| Daytime sleepiness (ESS) * | 8.2 ± 4.7 (0.0–21.0) | 9.5 ± 4.7 (1.0–21.0) | 6.9 ± 4.3 (0.0–19.0) | 0.002 |
| Criteria for EDS ** | 33.0 (27.5) | 20.0 (33.3) | 13.0 (21.7) | 0.11 |
| Criteria for high EDS | 11.0 (9.2) | 7.0 (11.7) | 4.0 (6.7) | 0.26 |
| Self-reported sleep difficulties (PROMIS SD, T-Score) * | 55.8 ± 9.5 (36.6–80.3) | 59.6 ± 7.9 (42.1–75.4) | 52.1 ± 9.6 (36.6–80.3) | <0.0001 |
| None to slight | 62.0 (51.7) | 17.0 (28.3) | 45.0 (75.0) | <0.0001 |
| Mild | 17.0 (14.2) | 12.0 (20.0) | 5.0 (8.3) | 0.06 |
| Moderate | 33.0 (27.5) | 27.0 (45.0) | 6.0 (10.0) | <0.0001 |
| Severe | 8.0 (6.7) | 4.0 (6.7) | 4.0 (6.7) | 0.64 |
| Sleep impact on daytime functioning (PROMIS SRI, T-Score) * | 57.7 ± 10.3 (37.4–84.0) | 61.3 ± 10.2 (37.4–84.0) | 54.1 ± 9.2 (37.4–79.6) | 0.0001 |
| None to slight | 54.0 (45.0) | 19.0 (31.7) | 35.0 (58.3) | 0.003 |
| Mild | 19.0 (15.8) | 9.0 (15.0) | 10.0 (16.7) | 0.50 |
| Moderate | 33.0 (27.5) | 21.0 (35.0) | 12.0 (20.0) | 0.05 |
| Severe | 14.0 (11.7) | 11.0 (18.3) | 3.0 (5.0) | 0.02 |
| Parent-reported Sleep Hygiene (SHIP) * | 23.5 ± 5.4 (15.0–43.0) | 24.7 ± 5.6 (15.0–43.0) | 2.3 ± 5.0 (15.0–35.0) | 0.01 |
*
Data is formatted as mean ± standard deviation (range). All other data is formatted as value (percentage). ASWS-SF: Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale – Short Form, PISI: Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index, ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale, EDS: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
**
Presence of EDS denotes ESS score >10, PROMIS SD: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance, PROMIS SRI: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep-Related Impairment, SHIP: Sleep Hygiene Inventory for Pediatrics, FAPDs: Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders.