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. 2025 Apr 1;13:1559555. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1559555

TABLE 3.

Percentage differences between: (1) energy determined for unilateral chewing (E WUi ; E WIi ) and symmetrical incisal biting (E NUi , E NIi ), for the working side (ΔE WUIi ) and non-working side (ΔE NUIi ) and (2) total energy (ΔE UIi ) for unilateral chewing (E TUi ) and symmetrical incisal biting (E TIi ), depending on the food type (i).

Working side (W) Non-working side (N) Total Energy [J] Percentage difference [%]
Energy [J] Percentage difference [%] Energy [J] Percentage difference [%]
Unilateral chewing Symmetric incisal biting Unilateral chewing Symmetric incisal biting
E WUi b E WIi c ΔE WUIi E NUi b E WIi c ΔE NUIi E TUi d E TIi e ΔE UIi
Sausage (s)
1.11 0.36 102.0 0.89 0.36 84.8 2.00 0.72 94.1
Carrot (c)
0.84 0.56 40.0 0.68 0.56 19.41 1.52 1.12 30.3
Apple (a)
0.57 0.20 96.1 0.46 0.20 78.8 1.03 0.40 88.1
Chocolate bar (b)
0.95 0.24 119.3 0.76 0.24 104.0 1.71 0.48 112.3
Chocolate (d)
0.30 0.19 44.9 0.24 0.19 23.33 0.54 0.38 34.8
a

i = s, c, a, b and d.

b

E WUi = E MWi + E PWi + E TWi and E NUi = E MNi + E PNi + E TNi (Table 1).

d

E TUi = E WUi + E NUi .

e

E TIi = E WIi + E NIi .