Table 3.

Comparison to TDR assessment frameworks.

Framework	Framework elements & terms	No. of criteria	Scoring	Mapping criteria to principles	Testing
TDR QAF ([10;22])	Four Principles (relevance, credibility, legitimacy, positioning for use) with corresponding criteria	29	4-point Likert scale: standardized assessment rubric	Single-factor criteria correspond to one principle	Evaluations of completed research projects [11,12]
RQ+ ([23;17])	Contextual factors plus four Dimensions (scientific rigour, research legitimacy, research importance, positioning for use) with corresponding sub-dimensions of research quality	15	4-level rubric with 8-point scoring scale (2 possible scores per performance level): unique rubric statements for each criterion	Internal and external contextual factors; Multi-factor sub-dimensions (i.e. criteria) correspond to one dimension	Meta-analysis of use-oriented research [24] Evaluation of co-production by 18 subject matter experts [25]
QoR4D [[14], [15], [16]]	Four Elements (relevance, credibility, legitimacy, effectiveness) with corresponding criteria	17 (2021) 12 (2024)	4-point Likert scale; standardized assessment rubric	Multi-factor criteria correspond to 2 or 3 elements	Analysis of external review of research program proposals [14,15]