Figure 3.

[U-¹³C₆] glucose Labeling.A, schematic depicting ¹³C-labelling through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Fractional enrichment of (B) hexose-6-phosphate (M + 6), (C) phosphoenolpyruvate (M + 3), (D) alanine (M + 3), (E) glycerol-3-phosphate (M + 3), (F) ribose-5-phosphate (M + 5), (G) citrate (M + 2), (H) malate (M + 2), (I) glutamate (M + 2), (J) aspartate (M + 2), (K) malate (M + 3), (L) aspartate (M + 3), (M) citrate (M + 5) and (N) glutamate (M + 4) was assessed in cells following incubation with 5.5 mM of [U-¹³C₆] glucose for 1 h in serum-free culture medium. Data are shown as mean ± SEM and were analyzed by Two-tailed t test. ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Created in BioRender. https://BioRender.com/kije1gb.