Skip to main content
. 2025 Apr 16;15:13184. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95792-3

Table 2.

Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential results.

Code PS, nm
(mean ± SD)
PDI
(mean ± SD)
ZP, mV
(mean ± SD)
A-Blank 177.93 ± 2.84 0.117 ± 0.018 -13.53 ± 0.51
A-DNP 182.70 ± 6.08 0.120 ± 0.018 -13.16 ± 3.21
B-Blank 173.50 ± 3.28 0.112 ± 0.043 -14.30 ± 0.44
B-DNP 179.67 ± 0.93 0.108 ± 0.006 -14.63 ± 0.81
C-Blank 170. 43 ± 0.35 0.110 ± 0.005 -16.13 ± 3.84
C-DNP 175.93 ± 3.89 0.106 ± 0.020 -15.46 ± 0.92
D-Blank 159. 87 ± 2.20 0.143 ± 0.007 -14. 33 ± 1.32
D-DNP 182.23 ± 1.99 0.216 ± 0.008 -11.50 ± 0.62
E-Blank 151.53 ± 1.50 0.129 ± 0.032 -13.57 ± 1.63
E-DNP 167.03 ± 0.67 0.152 ± 0.014 -11.33 ± 0.55
F-Blank 145.57 ± 2.54 0.132 ± 0.009 -12.53 ± 1.12
F-DNP 154.90 ± 2.23 0.109 ± 0.045 -11.80 ± 2.69
G-Blank 150.37 ± 3.66 0.159 ± 0.038 -19.63 ± 1.17
G-DNP 153.73 ± 1.97 0.147 ± 0.034 -23.39 ± 0.30
H-Blank 142.17 ± 4.88 0.145 ± 0.007 -17.83 ± 5.69
H-DNP 145.47 ± 3.62 0.133 ± 0.010 -21. 30 ± 0.61
I-Blank 134. 10 ± 2.19 0.135 ± 0.026 -18.25 ± 0.21
I-DNP 136.37 ± 0.93 0.122 ± 0.011 -24.17 ± 1.21