Table 2.
Exploratory factor analysis of the RDSQ-29.
| Item | Reward deficiency | Lack of sexual satisfaction | Activity | Social concerns | Risk-seeking behavior |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I don’t receive gratification from everyday life. | 0.136 | −0.006 | −0.210 | −0.034 | −0.122 |
| While doing a task or work, I find myself already planning the next task. | −0.066 | 0.308 | 0.118 | −0.122 | −0.081 |
| I consistently seek new situations and adventures. | 0.383 | 0.647 | −0.022 | 0.072 | 0.025 |
| I like activities that’ll give me an adrenaline rush. | 0.176 | 0.672 | 0.031 | −0.011 | 0.430 |
| I prefer being active when going out with friends rather than just talking with each other. | 0.279 | 0.233 | 0.208 | −0.029 | 0.180 |
| I can never get enough sex. | 0.394 | 0.062 | −0.056 | 0.289 | −0.075 |
| I’m almost always active. | 0.216 | 0.053 | 0.652 | 0.012 | −0.014 |
| I desire to participate in all aspects of life no matter the limits. | 0.340 | 0.355 | 0.129 | 0.028 | −0.002 |
| I’ve tried many sports in my life. | 0.200 | 0.008 | 0.232 | 0.034 | 0.378 |
| Others would consider my activities dangerous. | 0.672 | −0.020 | −0.060 | 0.103 | 0.264 |
| I regularly change my sexual partners. | 0.470 | −0.059 | 0.029 | 0.673 | −0.003 |
| I like to be always active. | 0.306 | 0.005 | 0.706 | 0.048 | 0.089 |
| My friends and family often worry about my lifestyle. | 0.640 | −0.005 | −0.132 | 0.105 | −0.030 |
| I like experimenting with extreme sports. | 0.405 | 0.002 | 0.009 | −0.003 | 0.825 |
| I need more stimulation than others. | 0.625 | 0.109 | −0.040 | 0.123 | 0.068 |
| It can happen that I have more than one sexual partner at once. | 0.428 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.659 | −0.030 |
| I cannot stand inactivity. | 0.413 | −0.113 | 0.577 | −0.014 | 0.042 |
| My friends or my family warned me several times that I overdo my recreational activities. | 0.652 | −0.093 | 0.014 | 0.024 | 0.067 |
| Extreme sports stimulate me. | 0.381 | 0.048 | 0.000 | −0.020 | 0.739 |
| No pain or tiredness can deter me from doing something that I am passionate about. | 0.420 | 0.095 | 0.198 | −0.026 | 0.150 |
| If nothing special happens during the day, I feel empty and bored. | 0.404 | 0.073 | 0.237 | −0.145 | −0.037 |
| Most people think I can’t sit still. | 0.543 | −0.004 | 0.180 | −0.071 | 0.011 |
| I like to live dangerously. | 0.751 | −0.064 | −0.094 | 0.085 | 0.129 |
| I need more excitement than others. | 0.745 | 0.180 | −0.041 | 0.002 | −0.018 |
| I often want a good time no matter what I have to do to get it. | 0.760 | 0.205 | −0.078 | 0.010 | 0.015 |
| Being inactive really annoys me. | 0.458 | −0.084 | 0.456 | −0.113 | −0.018 |
| I look for extreme challenges in my work, sports, or anything else. | 0.651 | −0.015 | 0.016 | −0.018 | 0.408 |
| When I’m doing something pleasurable, I can hardly stop myself. | 0.550 | 0.207 | 0.040 | −0.093 | −0.059 |
| Often I want to feel stimulated no matter what I have to do to get it. | 0.639 | 0.238 | 0.012 | −0.122 | −0.069 |
Note. Emboldened figures indicate the primary factor loadings, where loading > 0.300.