Culture refers to shared values, norms, and ways of navigating the world. Culture is about identity; however, cultural identity is both complex and dynamic. Identity is how we see ourselves (self-created and ascribed); how others see us (labels ascribed by others) and formed through social forces (present or historical experiences) (Srivastava, 2023). The identities we present with also shift with context. Self-awareness is a critical first step toward cultural competence. With increasing globalization, there is a need for greater understanding of cultural identity to support the goals of culturally congruent care and health equity.
To understand the complexity of cultural identity, culture must be understood as both patterns of behavior (ways of being and doing) and as power where social location leads to shifting experiences of marginalization and privilege. Cultural experiences of social power can strengthen and solidify identification with some groups, whereas experiences of discrimination, prejudice, and racism may lead to silencing, denial, or minimization of certain identities.
Understanding culture requires not only understanding the interaction of race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and so on in ways that explicate cultural values and meanings, but also how these factors intersect with each other and dominant social norms resulting in privilege and marginalization. Marginalization and privilege co-exist across the various dimensions of one’s identity. Understanding this duality is important for self-awareness and for supporting others to see their strengths. Aspects of identity that lead to vulnerability (e.g., ethnicity, sexual orientation) are often the aspects that are sources of strength through community. Aspects of identity where power and privilege exist can mitigate aspects of identity at risk of marginalization.
How does this impact equity? Inclusivity and access require attention to both cultural ways of being and to the power dynamics within which interactions occur. Expression of unique cultural ways necessitates an environment where power is managed and doesn’t become a barrier.
Rani H. Srivastava, PhD, RN, FCAN, FTNSS
Associate Professor and Dean, Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Canada, Canada
Email: rsrivastava@tru.ca
Footnotes
ORCID iD: Rani H. Srivastava 
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5638-0856
Reference
- Srivastava R. (2023). Culture care framework. In Srivastava R. (Ed.), Healthcare professional’s guide to cultural competence (2nd ed., pp. 53–85). Elsevier. [Google Scholar]