Figure 3.

Psychomotor vigilance task “transform lapses,” √lapses + √(lapses + 1), as a function of condition (sleep-deprived condition =•; sleep-extended condition = O) and time of day. By convention, a lapse is a reaction time >500 ms. Residents had significantly more lapses (F = 25.4; P = 0.0004) and greater variability of performance in the sleep-deprived condition than in the sleep-extended condition. The worst performance occurred at the 08:00 trial in the sleep-deprived condition. Error bars show standard error of the mean (n = 12). Reproduced from Anesthesiology (reference 6) with permission of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.