Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Survivors and Non-Survivors Groups
| Variables | Survivors Group (n=390) | Non-Survivors Group (n=325) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 69.36±11.47 | 73.10±12.06 | <0.001 |
| Gender (n, %) | |||
| Male | 204 (52.3%) | 182 (56.0%) | 0.324 |
| Female | 186 (47.7%) | 143 (44.0%) | |
| HF Classification | 0.767 | ||
| HFrEF (LVEF≤40) | 173 (44.4%) | 145 (44.6%) | |
| HFmrEF (LVEF=41-49) | 51 (13.1%) | 48 (14.8%) | |
| HFpEF (LVEF≥50) | 166 (42.6%) | 132 (40.6%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.54 (20.95,25.91) | 23.46 (20.76,25.99) | 0.834 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.00 (107.00,139.25) | 122.00 (107.00,150.40) | 0.790 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.00 (65.00,84.00) | 74.00 (65.50,83.00) | 0.960 |
| HR | 81.00 (70.00,94.00) | 85.00 (73.00,98.00) | 0.031 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 112 (28.7%) | 95 (29.2%) | 0.880 |
| Drinking (n, %) | 39 (10.0%) | 27 (8.3%) | |
| NYHA class (n, %) | <0.001 | ||
| III | 249 (63.8%) | 151 (46.5%) | |
| IV | 141 (36.2%) | 174 (53.5%) | |
| Past medical history (n, %) | |||
| Hypertension | 183 (46.9%) | 142 (43.7%) | 0.388 |
| MI | 47 (12.1%) | 75 (23.1%) | <0.001 |
| CHD | 135 (34.6%) | 124 (38.2%) | 0.327 |
| AF | 97 (24.9%) | 113 (34.8%) | 0.004 |
| PCI | 86 (22.1%) | 66 (20.3%) | 0.570 |
| Pacemaker | 33 (8.5%) | 32 (9.8%) | 0.521 |
| Stroke | 27 (6.9%) | 37 (11.4%) | 0.037 |
| DM | 104 (26.7%) | 93 (28.6%) | 0.561 |
| COPD | 28 (7.2%) | 23 (7.1%) | 0.958 |
| CKD | 41 (10.5%) | 42 (12.9%) | 0.316 |
| Thyroid dysfunctions | 34 (8.7%) | 34 (10.5%) | 0.429 |
| Anemia | 41 (10.5%) | 40 (12.3%) | 0.451 |
| LVEF (%) | 45.50 (27.00,55.00) | 44.00 (27.00,54.00) | 0.760 |
| LVEDd | 62.00 (53.00,70.00) | 63.00 (55.00,70.25) | 0.345 |
| Hb | 126.00 (115.00,138.00) | 124.00 (111.00,137.00) | 0.280 |
| Indices | |||
| NLR | 3.02 (2.10,4.29) | 4.27 (2.53,6.48) | <0.001 |
| PLR | 129.32 (96.83,176.87) | 151.18 (101.21,230.00) | <0.001 |
| MLR | 0.34 (0.26,0.45) | 0.44 (0.27,0.68) | <0.001 |
| SII | 554.48 (355.77,786.50) | 676.73 (431.88,1321.55) | <0.001 |
| SIRI | 1.47 (0.96,2.18) | 2.06 (1.13,4.05) | <0.001 |
| TYG | 8.65 (8.26,9.07) | 8.56 (8.15,9.06) | 0.272 |
| SCr (umol/L) | 88.00 (70.00,113.00) | 95.00 (78.00,125.00) | 0.001 |
| UA (umo/L) | 395.00 (310.00,467.25) | 380.00 (307.50,483.50) | 0.464 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.30 (0.92,1.77) | 1.16 (0.84,1.62) | 0.029 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.76 (3.11,4.52) | 3.69 (3.00,4.47) | 0.105 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.00 (1.46,2.77) | 1.97 (1.35,2.61) | 0.369 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.23 (4.64,6.54) | 5.39 (4.64,7.09) | 0.181 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.06 (3.76,4.39) | 4.08 (3.72,4.50) | 0.450 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 142.00 (140.00,144.00) | 141.00 (139.00,143.00) | 0.008 |
| Cl (mmol/L) | 104.00 (101.00,107.00) | 104.00 (101.00,107.00) | 0.391 |
| CRP (mmol/L) | 4.08 (1.30,12.51) | 17.48 (7.65,35.85) | <0.001 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 1088 (512,1953) | 1366 (771,3654) | <0.001 |
| Inotropic drugs (n, %) | |||
| Diuretic | 320 (82.1%) | 260 (80.0%) | 0.485 |
| Aldosterone‐receptor blocker | 278 (71.3%) | 237 (72.9%) | 0.626 |
| Nitrate esters | 62 (15.9%) | 53 (16.3%) | 0.882 |
| Digitonin | 100 (25.6%) | 72 (22.2%) | 0.277 |
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI | 302 (77.4%) | 179 (55.1%) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 269 (69.0%) | 168 (51.7%) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet Drugs | 174 (44.6%) | 151 (46.5%) | 0.622 |
| Anticoagulant | 115 (29.5%) | 113 (34.8%) | 0.131 |
| Statin | 225 (57.7%) | 192 (59.1%) | 0.708 |
| CCB | 31 (7.9%) | 23 (7.1%) | 0.660 |
Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFmrEF, had heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MI, myocardial infarction; CHD, coronary heart disease; AF, atrial fibrillation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; DM, diabetes mellitus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; Hb, hemoglobin; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; MLR, monocytes-to-lymphocytes ratio; SII, systemic immune‐inflammation index; SIRI, systemic inflammation response index; TYG, triglyceride-glucose; Scr: serum creatinine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fast blood glucose; K, Kalium; Na, Natrium; Cl, Chlorine; CRP, C-reactive protein; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; CCB, calcium channel blocker;