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. 2025 Apr 18;25:401. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06756-w

Table 2.

Overview of data collection

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Objective 1: Efficacy
 Primary outcomes
  Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory – brief (SPAI-18)  x x x x x
  Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale – Children & Adolescents (LSAS-CA) – Avoidance subscale  x x x x x
  BAT – Peak anxiety (SUDs)  x - x - -
 Secondary outcomes
  Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale – Children & Adolescents (LSAS-CA) – Fear subscale x x x x x
  Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale (SPWSS) x

x

(weekly sessions)

x x x
  Brief resilience scale (BRS) x - x x x
  Multidimensional Adolescent Functioning Scale (MAFS) x - x x x
  Revised children’s anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) x - x x x
  Self-efficacy questionnaire for children (SEQ-C) – social subscale  x x x x x
  Adolescent social cognitions questionnaire (ASCQ) x - x x x
Exploratory outcomes
  BAT – Anticipatory anxiety (SUDs), heart rate mean & variability, and skin conductance x - x - -
Objective 2: Mechanisms (weekly sessions)
 Threat expectancy likelihood, threat occurrence, surprise, relief, pleasantness of relief, adjusted threat expectancy likelihood (VASs; to measure expectancy violation and change) x
 SUDs to measure within and between session habituation  x
 Self-efficacy (VAS) x
Objective 3: Predictors
 Behavioral inhibition system / behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS) x
 Experiences in Close Relationship Scale – Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) x
 Immersive Tendency Questionnaire (ITQ) – subscale Involvement x

 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) -

Subscales: Attitude & expectancies towards VR

x
 Preference to treatment (TP) – binary  x
 Experience with VR & games, motivation, need for relatedness/connection, openness to experience (VASs) x
 Working Alliance Inventory–Short Form (WAI-S)

x

(Session 2 & 6)

 Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ)

x

(Session 1)

Objective 4: Acceptability 
 Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) x
 Difficulty, usefulness/relevance, safety behaviors related to exposure, and motivation to participate in the next session (VASs)

x

(weekly sessions)

 Semi-structured interview  x