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. 2025 Apr 7;7:1541829. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1541829

Table 9.

Summary of the results of the models.

Aspect for evaluation Model with active fans Model with non-active fans
Hypothesis testing All hypotheses were significant. The highly rated was H2, which related identity and sporting performance pressures to social outcomes. All were significant. The most highly rated was H1, which related identity and sport performance pressure to economic outcomes.
Identity and Sporting Performance Pressures All variables were reliable. The most highly rated by active fans were VAL-HPP (high performance players) and VAL-TS (coaching staff). All variables were reliable. The variables most valued by active supporters were VAL-TS (coaching staff) and VAL-SoP (player stability).
Economic outcomes The outer loading indicated that the most relevant variable was MER (merchandising). However, due to a multicollinearity problem, the most relevant variable was BR (broadcasting rights) The outer loading indicated that the most relevant variable was TIC (income from Single and Season Tickets). However, due to a multicollinearity issue, the most relevant variable was BR (broadcasting rights)
Social outcomes The most relevant variable was SP (sport performance) The most relevant indicator was GW (goodwill)