Table 2.
Mechanisms of ion channel regulation in diabetic neuropathic pain.
| Ion Channel | Year | Intervention | Model | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Channel | 2019 | / | STZ Model | Upregulation of NaV1.7, increased total sodium current, TTXs sodium current, and TTXr sodium current density | (114) |
| Sodium Channel | 2015 | Curcumin | HFD Model | Inhibition of current density and TTX-R sodium currents in small-sized DRG neurons | (115) |
| Sodium Channel | 2011 | / | db/db/db/+ | Increase in Nav1.6 protein and mRNA expression; increase in Nav1.6 positive cells proportion | (116) |
| Sodium Channel | 2004 | / | STZ Model | Decrease in the expression of Na(v)1.6 (TTX-S) and Na(v)1.8 (TTX-R), increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of Na(v)1.6 and Na(v)1.7, significant increase in both TTX-S and TTX-R sodium currents in small DRG neurons isolated from diabetic rats | (110) |
| Sodium Channel | 2015 | AAV-shRNA-Nav1.3 | STZ Model | Downregulation of expression of Nav1.3, reduced neuronal excitability of dorsal horn neurons | (117) |
| Sodium Channel | 2012 | / | STZ Model | Upregulation of expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8; enhancement of transient and persistent sodium currents, increase in neuronal excitability | (106) |
| Potassium Channel | 2024 | Branched-Chain Amino Acids | HFD/STZ/db/db Model | Activation of expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), decreased localization of Kv1.2 on the cell membrane, inhibition of Kv1.2 channels, increased neuronal excitability | (118) |
| Potassium Channel | 2015 | α-dendrotoxin (α-DTX) | STZ Model | Reduction in conduction failure of C-fibers; decrease in expression of Kv1.2 and Kv1.6 | (119) |
| Potassium Channel | 2018 | / | STZ Model | Significant reduction in mRNA and protein levels of KCNQ/3/5 channels, decreased IM density, increased excitability of DRG neurons | (120) |
| Potassium Channel | 2010 | / | STZ Model | Marked reduction in densities of total Kv, A-type (IA), and sustained delayed (IK) currents in medium- and large-, but not in small-diameter DRG neurons | (121) |
| Calcium Channel | 2022 | / | STZ/db/db Model | Activation of GPR77 receptor mediates WNT5a release followed by activation of TRPV1 channel, induction of rapid currents | (99) |
| Calcium Channel | 2022 | / | STZ Model | Activation of PKCϵ/P38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway increases TRPV1 expression | (122) |
| Calcium Channel | 2023 | Selenium, Curcumin | STZ Model | Reduction in mean densities of TRPM7 currents, increase in calcium concentration | (123) |
| Calcium Channel | 2023 | Alpha-lipoic acid | STZ Model | Reduction in TRPV1 current density and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration | (124) |
| Calcium Channel | 2023 | Alpha-lipoic acid | STZ Model | Inhibition of TRPV4 channel, reduction in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration | (125) |
| Calcium Channel | 2017 | Melatonin, Selenium | STZ Model | Reduction in current densities of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels, decreased intracellular free Ca^2+ concentration | (126) |