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. 2025 Apr 8;16:1541970. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1541970

Table 2.

Spatio-temporal gait parameters.

Gait domain Spatio-temporal gait parameters LTF group (n = 22) Non LTF group (n = 36) P value Cohen’s d
Pace Step velocity (m/s) 123.3 ± 38.6 133.2 ± 41.4 0.52 0.24
Step length (m) 38.5 ± 13.8 41.5 ± 17.1 0.63 0.18
Swing time CV 10.1 ± 4.7 10.5 ± 6.3 0.88 0.05
Rhythm Step time (ms) 3.1 ± 0.8 302.8 ± 53.7 0.51 0.25
Stance time (ms) 647.8 ± 101.2 639.7 ± 62.6 0.83 0.08
Swing time (ms) 409.4 ± 62.4 396.7 ± 62.6 0.60 0.20
Variability Step time CV 8.7 ± 3.6 6.1 ± 2.0 <0.001 1.74
Stance time CV 8.8 ± 4.3 4.3 ± 1.9 <0.001 1.23
Step velocity CV 9.0 ± 4.0 6.8 ± 3.5 0.29 0.35
Step length CV 13.7 ± 7.8 7.1 ± 2.9 <0.001 1.17
Asymmetry Step velocity asymmetry 3.6 ± 7.6 4.8 ± 7.7 0.70 0.15
Step time asymmetry 5.3 ± 11.9 3.5 ± 7.7 0.66 0.17
Stance time asymmetry 1.2 ± 1.0 1.8 ± 1.6 0.42 0.32
Swing time asymmetry 1.8 ± 1.6 2.8 ± 3.0 0.28 0.44
Postural control Step length asymmetry 2.5 ± 2.7 5.0 ± 12.0 0.44 0.31

LTF, Lateral trunk flexion; CV, coefficient of variation. Bold values denotes a significant difference at p < 0.05.