Kinetics of bacterial clearance from the infant mouse intestine. (Top panel) Wild-type, ΔtcpA, or ΔtcpF bacteria were individually inoculated into infant mice, and the number of bacteria colonizing the small bowel was determined at various times. Each point represents the average of two mice. (Bottom panel) Wild-type, E158L, and ΔtcpF samples were each mixed with an equal volume of wild-type bacteria (which were ΔlacZ mutants) prior to inoculation, and the numbers of LacZ+ colonies remaining in the intestine at various times were determined. Each point represents the average of two mice.