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. 2025 Apr 21;25:144. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04826-w

Table 2.

Percent concentration (%) of the volatile content estimated in the EOs of P. gracilior and P. elongatus aerial parts extracted using hydro distillation (HD), and headspace solid-phase micro-sampling

No Identified Compounds MF M. wt RIexp RI lit P. gracilior P. elongatus
HD Area% HS Area% HD Area% HS Area%
1 α-Pinene C10H16 136 918 918 12.2 82.01 0.98 4.54
2 β-Pinene C10H16 136 971 980 0.83 0.73
3 Myrcene C10H16 136 989 987 4.34 13.29 4.64 79.05
4 β-Phellandrene C10H16 136 1002 1001 0.49 0.64
5 m-Mentha-6,8-diene (Sylvestrene) C10H16 136 1017 1017 0.19 0.22 1.54 12.48
6 β-Ocimene C10H16 136 1037 1036 0.09 0.73
7 Terpinolene C10H16 136 1075 1074 0.09
8 α -Terpineol C10H18O 154 1167 1170 0.16
9 α -Cubebene C15H24 204 1343 1344 1.83
10 Copaene C15H24 204 1369 1367 6.22 0.55
11 β-caryophyllene C15H24 204 1419 1419 16.14 0.79 3.91
12 trans-β-copaene C15H25 205 1417 1415 0.89
13 Aromadendrene C15H24 204 1428 1425 0.58
14 Humulene C15H24 204 1441 1441 4.04 1.13
15 cadina-3,5-diene C15H24 204 1449 1445 0.30
16 γ-Muurolene C15H24 204 1454 1453 0.21 1.93
17 Germacrene D C15H24 204 1469 1469 15.66 0.55 12.83 1.38
18 cis-Muurola-4(15),5-diene C15H24 204 1477 1476 0.77
19 Bicyclogermacrene C15H24 204 1482 1481 1.05 17.3 0.72
20 α -Muurolene C15H24 204 1486 1485 4.29
21 γ -Amorphene C15H24 204 1497 1495 0.67 1.19
22 α -Cadinene C15H24 204 1506 1505 3.40
23 Cadina-3,9-diene C15H24 204 1508 1508 5.76
24 Cubenene C15H24 204 1516 1516 0.17
25 α -Bisabolene C15H24 204 1526 1525 0.16
26 Nerolidyl acetate C17H28O2 264 1542 0.27
27 Spathulenol C15H24O 220 1562 1562 0.46 6.12
28 Globulol C15H26O 222 1571 1571 2.58
29 gleenol C15H26O 222 1568 1567 0.17
30 Viridiflorol C15H26O 222 1567 1567 2.25
31 Cedrol C15H26O 222 1589 1590 0.31
32 Junenol C15H26O 222 1596 1595 0.21
33 Di-epi-1,10-cubenol C15H26O 222 1605 1607 1.14
34 tau-Muurolol C15H26O 222 1617 1617 4.94 4.63
35 α-Cadinol C15H26O 222 1629 1630 3.62 4.46
37 Arctiol C15H26O2 238 1643 1640 0.27
Monoterpene hydrocarbons 18.23 96.16 7.16 97.53
Oxygenated Monoterpene 0.16
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 57.37 1.89 43.16 2.1
Oxygenated Sesquiterpene 13.23 22.4
Others 10.41 1.95 26.4 0.37
Total identified 99.4 100 99.12 100
Unidentified 0.33 0.87

MF Molecular formula, M. wt. Molecular weight, BP Base peak, RIExp experimental refractive index, RILit Reference refractive index