. 2025 Apr 22;15(16):12125–12151. doi: 10.1039/d5ra00489f

Table 2. Characteristics of domestic, industrial and hospital Laundry wastewater.^19,20.

Parameters	Domestic laundry	Industrial laundry	Hospital laundry
pH	9.3–10	9–11	11.4–11.6
EC^a (mS cm⁻¹)	0.190–1.400	0.640–3.000	0.808–2.000
TDS (mg L⁻¹)	400–6000	640–3000	456–800
TSS (mg L⁻¹)	200–987	4–7000	66–71
TA^a (mg per L CaCO₃)	83–200	128	302–372
Phosphate (mg L⁻¹)	4–27.6	3.43	10.8–167
COD (mg L⁻¹)	375–4155	80–212000	477–876
BOD5 (mg L⁻¹)	48–1200	218–9810	44–50
TH^a (mg per L CaCO₃)	—	44	53–68

EC: electrical conductivity, TA: alkalinity rate, TH: hydrotimetric rate (water hardness).

Table 2. Characteristics of domestic, industrial and hospital Laundry wastewater.19,20.