Table 2.

Percentage of biofilm formation inhibition by tested agents against Streptococcus species.

Agent	Concentration	Biofilm inhibition (%)
		S. mutans ATCC 25175	S. mutans clinical no. 5	S. mutans clinical no. 15	S. mutans clinical no. 31	S. mitis ATCC 49456	S. salivarius ATCC 9759
C. asiatica extract	1/8 × MIC	25.30 ± 1.2	22.23 ± 0.9	20.70 ± 1.8	16.07 ± 1.0	20.20 ± 1.2	23.97 ± 1.8
	1/4 × MIC	40.80 ± 1.8	35.27 ± 1.3	35.97 ± 1.2	34.37 ± 0.9	31.33 ± 1.0	36.43 ± 1.2
	1/2 × MIC	55.60 ± 1.0	45.17 ± 0.8	46.93 ± 1.0	41.77 ± 1.2	46.60 ± 1.4	53.57 ± 1.1
Synthesized AgNPs	1/8 × MIC	45.20 ± 1.4	46.27 ± 1.2	47.20 ± 1.8	39.63 ± 1.6	39.07 ± 1.4	35.10 ± 1.0
	1/4 × MIC	63.90 ± 0.9	59.50 ± 1.4	60.67 ± 1.2	57.70 ± 0.7	62.27 ± 1.8	63.33 ± 1.8
	1/2 × MIC	78.40 ± 1.2	77.53 ± 1.8	75.43 ± 0.9	76.03 ± 1.2	71.57 ± 0.9	75.17 ± 1.2
Asiatic acid	1/8 × MIC	18.40 ± 1.0	17.03 ± 1.1	16.30 ± 1.6	13.47 ± 1.8	17.83 ± 1.2	13.60 ± 0.8
	1/4 × MIC	32.80 ± 1.8	28.20 ± 0.9	32.47 ± 1.2	20.83 ± 1.0	24.70 ± 1.0	21.30 ± 0.9
	1/2 × MIC	47.10 ± 1.1	42.93 ± 1.0	39.07 ± 1.6	19.83 ± 0.9	33.03 ± 1.2	37.80 ± 1.4
Madecassic acid	1/8 × MIC	16.50 ± 0.9	15.23 ± 1.2	15.33 ± 0.7	17.00 ± 1.4	14.95 ± 1.1	14.57 ± 1.2
	1/4 × MIC	28.30 ± 1.2	24.77 ± 1.8	25.80 ± 1.0	19.83 ± 1.2	29.27 ± 1.8	27.03 ± 1.0
	1/2 × MIC	39.70 ± 1.8	35.37 ± 1.0	30.30 ± 1.8	20.33 ± 0.9	35.20 ± 1.2	36.03 ± 1.0
AgNPs control	—	18.57 ± 0.9	17.10 ± 1.4	15.74 ± 1.2	17.06 ± 1.4	17.78 ± 1.1	17.63 ± 0.9
0.2% chlorhexidine	—	82.03 ± 1.2	78.97 ± 1.8	77.99 ± 0.9	77.33 ± 1.6	81.03 ± 1.8	83.30 ± 1.2

Note: Data are presented as the mean ± SE from three independent experiments.