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. 2025 Apr 8;32(17):11097–11113. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36342-2

Table 4.

Measured concentrations for each PM2.5-bound PAHs in inhaled air of individual (ng/m3) sorted by the sampling periods

ng/m3 LOQs February–March 2019 (1st period)—ALL PARTICIPANTS September–October 2019 (2nd period)—ALL PARTICIPANTS
n = 133 n = 126
Positive samples (%) Arithmetic mean Median 5th Percentile 95th Percentile MIN MAX Positive samples (%) Arithmetic mean Median 5th Percentile 95th Percentile MIN MAX
PHE 0.050 51 0.075 0.052 0.025 0.228 0.051 0.725 68 0.173 0.113 0.025 0.505 0.052 0.622
AN 0.050 4 - - - - 0.070 0.101 0 n.d n.d - -
FLA 0.050 75 0.114 0.085 0.025 0.278 0.050 0.670 63 0.132 0.080 0.025 0.376 0.050 1.06
PY 0.050 86 0.163 0.131 0.025 0.415 0.050 0.993 71 0.203 0.095 0.025 0.476 0.052 3.18
BcFL 0.050 3 - - - - 0.096 0.296 0 n.d n.d - - - -
BaA 0.050 83 0.143 0.106 0.025 0.288 0.050 1.77 67 0.117 0.089 0.025 0.316 0.055 0.517
CPP 0.050 96 0.345 0.244 0.054 0.778 0.052 5.09 77 0.157 0.122 0.025 0.392 0.057 1.10
CHR 0.050 88 0.179 0.129 0.025 0.373 0.058 1.55 81 0.180 0.128 0.025 0.483 0.053 0.675
5MC 0.050 0 n.d n.d - - - - 0 n.d n.d - - - -
BbF 0.050 96 0.343 0.256 0.077 0.748 0.069 4.38 97 0.357 0.274 0.061 0.979 0.052 1.38
BkF 0.050 83 0.170 0.120 0.025 0.383 0.053 2.72 75 0.171 0.130 0.025 0.476 0.050 0.699
BjF 0.050 86 0.188 0.130 0.025 0.421 0.051 2.53 80 0.248 0.185 0.025 0.627 0.053 0.954
BaP 0.050 97 0.321 0.231 0.078 0.752 0.057 5.18 96 0.378 0.274 0.053 0.976 0.050 1.67
IP 0.050 96 0.308 0.229 0.057 0.609 0.054 4.43 94 0.353 0.267 0.032 0.846 0.052 1.43
DBahA 0.050 18 - - - - 0.055 1.27 53 0.082 0.060 0.025 0.213 0.051 0.369
BghiP 0.050 98 0.369 0.277 0.085 0.691 0.050 5.43 98 0.401 0.315 0.065 0.976 0.052 1.53
DBaIP 0.050 0 n.d n.d - - - - 0 n.d n.d - - - -
DBaeP 0.100 2 - - - - 0.328 1.03 0 n.d n.d - - - -
DBaiP 0.100 1 - - - - 0.383 0.383 0 n.d n.d - - - -
DBahP 0.100 0 n.d n.d - - - - 0 n.d n.d - - - -

Values are rounded to three significant figures and maximum three decimal places; LOQs limit of quantification; for results below LOQ and with more than 50% positive samples, a value ½ of LOQ was used for calculation of arithmetic mean, median, 5th and 95th percentile. Abbreviations of analytes: phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (AN), fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PY), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBahA), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP), benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP), benzo[c]fluorene (BcFL), cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene (CPP), 5-methylchrysene (5MCH), benzo[j]fluoranthene (BjF), dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBalP), dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (DBaeP), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene (DBaiP), dibenzo[a,h]pyrene (DBahP)