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. 2025 Apr 8;32(17):11097–11113. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36342-2

Table 6.

Comparison of presented results of PAHs in the filters from personal air samplers with other studies

Country Population group Number of samples Unit Sampling period BaP (ng/m3) ΣPAHs (ng/m3) Ref
Finland Bus garage workers 5 air samples from each worker (n = 22) per season Arithmetic mean Winter 2.9 (ND–60) 25 (ND–494)c FL, PHE, AN, FLA, PY, BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBahA, BghiP and IP Kuusimaki et al. 2003
Summer 0.6 (ND–8.9) 8.5 (ND–46)c
Italy Asphalt workers (AW) and roadside construction workers (CW) AW = 100 Median (min–max) Spring–Summer AW = 0.33 (< 0.03–40.25) AW = 607 (127–2973)a NAP, AC, FL, PHE, AN, FLA, PY, BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBahA, BghiP and IP Campo et al. 2006
CW = 47 CW = 0.61 (0.04–2.71) CW = 405 (157–940)a
China—Haidian District Traffic police officers 3 air samples per day (10 days in total) Mean Winter 51.9 4300b and 750c NAP, ACL, AC, FL, PHE, AN, FLA, PY, BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBahA, BghiP and IP Liu et al. 2007
China—Taianjin Traffic policemen 10 Mean Summer 26.2 867.5a FL, PHE, AN, FLA, PY, BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBahA, BghiP and IP Hu et al. 2007
China Rural home with biomass fuelled cooking: cooking person (CP) + control group in the house (CG) 24 Mean Winter CP = 190 and CG = 46 CP = 1610 and CG = 684c ACL, AC, FL, PHE, AN, FLA, PY, BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBahA, BghiP and IP Ding et al. 2012
Summer CP = 1.2 and CG = 1.3 n.s
China—Taiyuan Volunteers from rural (RA) and urban areas (UA) 126 Median (interquartile range) Heating season RA = 30.8 (12.3–48.3) and UA = 18.9 (11.5–35) RA = 770 (504–1071) and UA = 695 (540–1051)a ACL, AC, FL, PHE, AN, FLA, PY, BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBahA, BghiP and IP Duan et al. 2014
Non-heating season RA = 0.101 (0.0913–1.86) and UA = 8.26 (4.74–13.7) RA = 312 (201–412) and UA = 404 (266–544)a
Czech Republic Police officers from three different localities: Ceske Budejovice (CB), Prague (PR) and Ostrava (OS) 259 Median (interquartile range) February–March CB = 0.165 (0.0250–0.634), PR = 0.200 (0.0813–0.472) and OS = 0.287 (0.121–1.13) CB = 1.19 (0.470–4.25), PR = 1.89 (0.718–3.85) and OS = 2.65 (1.43–8.15)c PHE, AN, FLA, PY, BcFL BaA, CPP, CHR, 5MC, BbF, BkF, BjF, BaP, IP DBahA, BghiP, DBaIP, DBaeP, DBaiP, DBahP Presented study
September–October CB = 0.199 (0.0687–0.855), PR = 0.563 (0.178–1.25) and OS = 0.110 (0.0250–0.508) CB = 1.73 (0.496–6.52), PR = 4.23 (1.47–9.09) and OS = 1.09 (0.427–4.18)c

ND not detected

aGaseous and particulate phase

bGaseous phase

cParticulate phase

Abbreviations of analytes: fluorene (FL), naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthene (AC), acenaphthylene (ACL), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (AN), fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PY), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBahA), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP), benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP), benzo[c]fluorene (BcFL), cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene (CPP), 5-methylchrysene (5MCH), benzo[j]fluoranthene (BjF), dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBalP), dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (DBaeP), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene (DBaiP), dibenzo[a,h]pyrene (DBahP)