Table 1.
Summary characteristics of included studies
| No | Study | Study period | Country | Study design | Joints | Total dose (dose per fraction) | Energy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Van den Ende et al. (2019) [8] | 2015–2017 | Netherlands | P | Knee (27), hand (28) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | M |
| 2 | Mahler et al. (2019) [9] | 2015–2017 | Netherlands | P | Knee (27) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | M |
| 3 | Minten et al. (2018) [10] | 2016–2017 | Netherlands | P | Hand (28) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | M |
| 4 | Ott et al. (2014) [11] | 2006–2010 | Germany | P | Foot (457) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (52.5%) 6 Gy (0.5 Gy) (47.5%) |
K |
| 5 | Ott et al. (2013) [12] | 2006–2010 | Germany | P | Foot (457) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (52.5%) 6 Gy (0.5 Gy) (47.5%) |
K |
| 6 | Hautmann et al. (2020) [47] | NA | Germany | R | Knee (102), hand (90), shoulder (36), ankle (29), hip (13), others (25) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (77.6%) 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (19.0%) Others (3.4%) |
M |
| 7 | Hautmann et al. (2020) [14] | 2006–2018 | Germany | R | Ankle (44), foot (22) |
3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (60.6%) 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (36.4%) 5 Gy (1.0 Gy) (3.0%) |
M |
| 8 | Hautmann et al. (2019) [13] | 2006–2017 | Germany | R | Elbow (138) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (89.1%) 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (9.4%) Others (1.5%) |
M |
| 9 | Ayanaci et al. (2021) [16] | 2013–2017 | Turkey | R | Foot (67) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | M |
| 10 | Rogers et al. (2020) [17] | 2013–2015 | Switzerland | P | Hand (59), foot (54), elbow (44) |
4 Gy (0.5 Gy) (If non-CR, up to 8 Gy) |
K |
| 11 | Alvarez et al. (2019) [18] | 2015–2018 | Spain | P | Hand (51), hip (37), knee (33), shoulder (16), ankle (10), foot (8), elbow (4), others (25) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (If re-RT, repeat treatment) |
M |
| 12 | Badakhsi et al. (2014) [19] | 2002–2008 | Germany | R | Foot (171) | 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) | K |
| 13 | Weissmann et al. (2021) [20] | 2004–2019 | Germany | R | Foot (140), ankle (56) |
3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (90.0%) 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (10.0%) |
K |
| 14 | Hermann et al. (2021) [21] | 2016–2018 | Germany | P | Hand (25) | 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) | M |
| 15 | Niewald et al. (2022) [22] | NA | Germany | P | Hand (158), Knee (63) |
3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (50.0%) 0.3 Gy (0.05 Gy) (50.0%) |
M |
| 16 | Alvarez et al. (2022) [23] | 2015–2021 | Spain | R | Hand (100) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (84.0%) 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (16.0%) |
M |
| 17 | Rühle et al. (2021) [24] | 2008–2020 | Germany | R | Knee (419), hand (363), foot (219), shoulder (147), hip (33), others (4) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (77.3%) 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (21.7%) Others (1.0%) |
M |
| 18 | Rudat et al. (2021) [25] | 2009–2020 | Germany | R | Foot (864) |
3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (90.9%) 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (9.1%) |
M |
| 19 | Donaubauer et al. (2020) [26] | 2004–2019 | Germany | R | Hand (483) |
3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (95.45%) 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (4.55%) |
K |
| 20 | Juniku et al. (2019) [27] | 2014–2015 | Germany | R | Foot (194), shoulder (135), hand (95), hip (84), elbow (60), knee (30) |
5 Gy (0.5 Gy) (94.3%) 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (5.7%) |
M |
| 21 | Kaltenborn et al. (2017) [28] | 2007–2015 | Germany | R | Hip (74) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (60.8%) 6 Gy (0.06 Gy) (39.2%) |
M |
| 22 | Kaltenborn et al. (2016) [29] | 2007–2013 | Germany | R | Hand (101) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | M |
| 23 | Leszek et al. (2015) [30] | NA | Poland | R | Elbow (50) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | M |
| 24 | Hermann et al. (2013) [31] | 2007–2009 | Germany | R | Foot (285) |
6 Gy (1.0 Gy) (84.6%) 3 Gy (0.5 Gy) (15.4%) |
M |
| 25 | Hajtmanova et al. (2010) [32] | 2007–2007 | Slovakia | R | Foot (323) | 4 Gy (1.0 Gy) | K |
| 26 | Adamietz et al. (2010) [33] | 1999–2002 | Germany | R | Shoulder (115) | 6 Gy (0.5 Gy) | K |
| 27 | Keilholz et al. (1998) [34] | 1984–1994 | Germany | R | Knee (49), shoulder (27), hand (20) |
6 Gy (0.5 Gy) (79.0%) 12 Gy (1.0 Gy) (21.0%) |
K |
| 28 | Seegenschmiedt et al. (1997) [35] | 1986–1991 | Germany | R | Elbow (93) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | K |
| 29 | Heyd et al. (1997) [36] | NA | Germany | R | Elbow (45) | 6 Gy (1.0 Gy) | M |
| 30 | Schafer et al. (1996) [37] | 1985–1991 | Germany | R | Shoulder (42), elbow (30), foot (18) | 2–4 Gy (0.5–1.0 Gy) | M |
| 31 | Keilholz et al. (1995) [38] | 1987–1991 | Germany | R | Shoulder (89) | 6 Gy (0.5 Gy) | K |
| 32 | Sautter-Bihl et al. (1993) [39] | 1980–1991 | Germany | R | Shoulder (74), knee (42), foot (24), elbow (15), others (26) | 2.5–6 Gy (0.5 or 1.0 Gy) | M |
| 33 | Hess et al. (1988) [40] | 1965–1985 | Germany | R | Shoulder (164) | (0.3–0.5 Gy) (4–6 fractions) | K |
P prospective, R retrospective, M megavoltage, K kilovoltage, NA not available, re-RT re-irradiation, CR complete response
*The patient cohorts in [9] and [10] are included in [8]. Reference [8] provides long-term follow-up data, whereas [9] and [10] provide short-term follow-up data
**The patient cohorts in [11] and [12] are the same. Reference [11] provides long-term follow-up data, whereas [12] provides short-term follow-up data