Table 1.
General characteristics of male and female study participants
| Male (n = 195) | Female (n = 239) | p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
| Age (years) | 66 (63–70) | 65 (63–70) | 0.103 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 (24.7–29.3) | 25.7 (23.2–28.2) | 0.001*** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.0 (90.0–103.0) | 89.0 (83.0–96.0) | < 0.001*** |
| FFM (%) | 68.8 (65.1–72.5) | 61.2 (57.1–64.8) | < 0.001*** |
| FM (%) | 31.2 (27.5–34.9) | 38.8 (35.2–42.9) | < 0.001*** |
| FFM (Kg) | 54.7 (51.5–58.6) | 39.2 (36.6–42.3) | < 0.001*** |
| FM (Kg) | 24.5 (20.7–29.7) | 24.82 (20.6–29.5) | 0.907 |
| Muscle Mass (Kg) | 34.9 (32.0–37.3) | 23.9 (21.9–26.0) | < 0.001*** |
| VAI | 0.91 (0.61–1.46) | 1.0 (0.81–1.51) | 0.007** |
| SBP (mmHg) | 143 (132–158) | 133 (120–146) | < 0.001*** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 88 (81–94) | 82 (76.67–90.) | < 0.001*** |
| AGEs (kU/day) | 11,925.2 (8811.6–17,030.5) | 10,492.7 (8103.9–14,692.8) | 0.003** |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 100 (91–110) | 94 (88–102) | < 0.001*** |
| Insulin (U/L) | 8.8 (6.1–12.4) | 7.50 (5.6–10.0) | 0.012* |
| HOMA-IR index | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | < 0.001*** |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 94 (70–125) | 91 (71–116) | 0.747 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200 (179–228) | 226 (204–250) | < 0.001*** |
| Cholesterol HDL (mg/dl) | 57 (48–69) | 72 (61–81) | < 0.001*** |
| Cholesterol LDL (mg/dl) | 122 (100–143) | 136 (113–156) | < 0.001*** |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.11 (0.06–0.21) | 0.10 (0.06–0.26) | 0.792 |
| IL-18 (pg/ml) | 400.9 (319.6—503.5) | 320.9 (263.0—405.8) | < 0.001*** |
| N (%) | N (%) | p-value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | 72 (36.9%) | 63 (26.4%) | 0.022* |
| Hypertension therapy | 69 (35.4%) | 62 (26.4%) | 0.036* |
| Hypolipidemic treatment | 43 (22.1%) | 35 (14.6%) | 0.059 |
| Metformin therapy | 13 (6.7%) | 3 (1.3%) | 0.004** |
| Smoke | 16 (8.3%) | 25 (10.6%) | 0.267 |
The comparison between male and female was carried out with Mann–Whitney test1 or Fisher Exact Test2
*0.050 > p-value ≤ 0.010; **0.010 > p-value < 0.001; ***p-value ≤ 0.001
BMI, body mass index; FFM, fat free mass; FM, fat mass; VAI, visceral adiposity index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AGEs, advanced glycation end products; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-18, interleukin-18