Table 2.
Different dHLa tools used in the scientific literature (n=33 articles) in European Union countries with different target groups between 2018 and 2022 [31].
| Assessment tool (frequency of use) | Country (target group) | Sample size or range of sample sizes (people) |
| eHEALSb (n=18) | Austria (children and adolescents), Germany (general population, n=2; patients, n=3; carers of people with illnesses), Greece (university students and health care workforce), Hungary (general population), Ireland (carer of people with illnesses and health care workforce), Italy (university students and older adults), Poland (general populations, n=2), Sweden (general populations, n=2), and migrants (n=2) | 14-1527 |
| eHealth Literacy Assessment (n=4) | Denmark (university students, general population, and patients) and Germany (health care workforce) | 113-475 |
| eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (n=3) | Denmark (general population, patients, and health care workforce) | 194-475 |
| DHLIc (n=2) | Denmark (university students) and Germany (children and adolescents) | 490-1518 |
| eHEALS-Carer (n=1) | Cyprus (carers of people with illnesses) and Greece (carers of people with illnesses) | 101 |
| HLS19-DIGId (n=1) | Portugal (general population) | 1247 |
| Five aspects of DHLI adapted to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (n=1) | Germany (university students) | 14,916 |
| COVID-19 DHLI (n=1) | Italy (university students) | 3025 |
| DHLI adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=1) | Portugal (university students) | 1815 |
| Three subscales of DHLI adapted for COVID-19 (n=1) | Slovenia (university students) | 3621 |
adHL: digital health literacy.
beHEALS: eHealth Literacy Scale.
cDHLI: Digital Health Literacy Instrument.
dHLS19-DIGI: the digital health literacy module of the Health Literacy Survey 2019.