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. 2025 Apr 22;15:13963. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98547-2

Table 2.

Sugar content and activity of enzymes involved in their metabolism in wheat grains under drought stress and Olive mill wastewater treatment.

Parameter Control Stress OMWW OMWW + Stress
Total Sugar 4.85 ± 0.55 b 5.61 ± 0.46 ab 5.14 ± 0.43 ab 6.05 ± 0.45 a
Total soluble sugar 3.02 ± 0.29 a 3.51 ± 0.35 a 2.89 ± 0.41 a 2.97 ± 0.33 a
Fructose 0.43 ± 0.05 b 0.51 ± 0.06 ab 0.50 ± 0.04 b 0.63 ± 0.06 a
Glucose 0.29 ± 0.04 a 0.32 ± 0.03 a 0.30 ± 0.04 a 0.37 ± 0.04 a
Sucrose 1.05 ± 0.15 a 1.21 ± 0.21 a 1.09 ± 0.15 a 1.04 ± 0.18 a
Starch 505.81 ± 35.21 b 519.84 ± 44.12 ab 654.84 ± 0.65 a 546.69 ± 0.61 ab
Invertase 1.44 ± 0.16 a 1.38 ± 0.18 a 1.32 ± 0.19 a 1.24 ± 0.21 a
Sucrose phosphte synthase 0.29 ± 0.03 a 0.33 ± 0.04 a 0.30 ± 0.04 a 0.37 ± 0.05 a
Amylase 0.63 ± 0.08 b 0.58 ± 0.08 b 0.69 ± 0.09 ab 0.88 ± 0.10 a
Starch Synthase 30.96 ± 2.88 b 32.44 ± 3.21 b 39.00 ± 3.02 a 42.75 ± 3.67 a

At a 5% probability level, the Tukey HSD test reveals that grain parameters sharing the same letter(s) is not significantly different.