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. 2025 Apr 22;15:13963. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98547-2

Table 6.

Organic acid content in wheat grains in response to drought stress and Olive mill wastewater treatment (OMWW).

Parameter Control Stress OMWW OMWW + Stress
Succinate 305.07 ± 19.43 b 298.87 ± 24.45 b 478.17 ± 35.56 a 488.20 ± 20.88 a
Malate 96.88 ± 9.75 a 89.52 ± 10.00 a 93.72 ± 8.87 a 110.05 ± 14.01 a
Citrate 157.79 ± 21.26 b 191.09 ± 18.94 b 249.29 ± 31.90 a 282.04 ± 30.83 a
Lactate 155.93 ± 14.87 b 156.67 ± 9.77 b 193.45 ± 15.92 a 208.57 ± 21.63 a
Trans-aconitic 32.22 ± 3.11 a 25.84 ± 4.21 a 27.00 ± 3.79 a 32.34 ± 4.01 a
Oxalate 57.13 ± 3.33 b 54.80 ± 4.19 b 111.52 ± 9.98 a 113.04 ± 11.62 a

At a 5% probability level, the Tukey HSD test reveals that parameters sharing the same letter(s) is not significantly different.