Table 2.

Results from logistic regression model predicting the likelihood of cluster membership

Factor	Dependent variable
	Cluster 1: guideline-adherent
	OR (95% conf. interval)
Year of birth, mean centered	0.875* (0.720, 1.029)
Participation in disease management program	2.428*** (2.076, 2.780)
Autoimmune comorbidity	1.695* (1.159, 2.231)
University entrance diploma (Abitur)	1.387* (1.037, 1.736)
Unemployment status	0.433** (− 0.337, 1.203)
Constant	1.734*** (1.468, 2.001)

These are results from a logistic regression with cluster membership as the outcome. We use odds ratios (ORs) to quantify the association between predictor variables and the likelihood of membership the guideline-adherent cluster relative to the base outcome (care with gaps cluster). An OR greater than 1 indicates a higher likelihood of being in the specified cluster compared to the base outcome, whereas an OR less than 1 indicates a lower likelihood. The significance levels are as follows: *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. Confidence intervals for the ORs are provided to indicate the precision of the estimates