. 2025 Mar 25;91(4):e02474-24. doi: 10.1128/aem.02474-24

TABLE 2.

Efficacy of foam-based hand sanitizer products against MS2 and φ6 across all variables^a^,^b

Product	Log reduction^c
Product	Phi 6	MS2
A (62% EtOH)	2.33 ± 1.53^a	0.92 ± 0.43^a
B (0.13% BZK)	3.94 ± 2.12^c	0.95 ± 0.43^a
C (70% EtOH)	3.51 ± 2.01^bc	1.13 ± 0.84^a
D (70% EtOH)	4.08 ± 2.24^c	1.03 ± 0.49^a
E (85% EtOH)	2.79 ± 1.61^ab	0.97 ± 0.35^a

^{^a}

Efficacy is expressed as log reduction in virus concentration (log PFU/mL).

^{^b}

BZK, benzalkonium chloride; EtOH, ethanol.

^{^c}

Log reduction values represent arithmetic mean log reduction across all variables ± standard deviation, and statistical significance was determined using Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. Values sharing the same superscript letters are not significantly different.