Table 2. Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, year, country | Cancer type, age of patients(years) | Digital intervention | Control | Adherence measure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tools or technology and intensity of intervention | EPOCa | ||||
| Kekale et al (2016), Finland [46] | Chronic myeloid leukemia, median (range): 60 (25-83). | 30-minute face-to-face counseling and multimedia interactive information technologies comprising a 5-minute video and daily text messages for 9 months. | Information and communication technology | Standard treatment | MMASb |
| Kim et al (2018), South Korea [22] | Metastatic breast cancer, mean (SD): 50.9 (7.0) | Mobile game. Play the game for >30 minutes, 3 times weekly, for 3 weeks. | Smart-home technologies | Routine care | K-MARSc |
| Sikorskii et al (2018), United States [33] | Various types of cancerd, mean (SD): 61 (12). | Reminder phone calls consisting of daily adherence reminder calls. | Telemedicine | Standard care | RDIe |
| Eldeib et al (2019), Egypt [23] | Metastatic colorectal or gastric cancer, mean (SD): intervention group: 49.98 (10.7); control group: 44.8 (12.65) | Follow-up phone calls involving weekly phone calls for the 11 cycles of treatment. | Telemedicine | Standard care | Pill count method |
| Greer et al (2020), United States [43] | Various types of cancerf, mean (SD): 53.30 (12.91) | Mobile app with patients using the app for 12 weeks. | Smart-home technologies | Standard care | MMASb |
| Hershman et al (2020), United States [21] | Early-stage breast cancer, median (range): 60.9 (30.7‐82.4) | Text message twice a week for 3 years. | Smart-home technologies | No text messaging | Urine test |
| Tan et al (2020), Singapore [48] | Breast cancer, median (range): 61 (32-80) | Text message weekly for 1 year. | Smart-home technologies | Standard care | SMAQg |
| Bouleftour et al (2021), France [44] | Various types of cancerh, median (Q1-Q3): 70 (62-78) | Follow-up phone calls with calls at baseline, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th weeks. | Telemedicine | Routine care | MMASb |
| Karaaslan-Eser and Ayaz-Alkaya (2021), Turkey [25] | Various types of canceri, mean (SD): intervention group: 60.33 (9.31); control group: 62.14 (9.97) | Mobile app, which was a weekly record of symptoms and severity for 6 months. | Smart-home technologies | Standard care | OCASj |
| Mir et al (2022), France [45] | Various advanced or metastatic cancerk, median (range): 62 (20-92) | Follow-up by phone or internet (web portal) weekly for first month, biweekly from second to fourth month, and then 3 weekly from the fifth month onward. | Telemedicine | Usual care | RDIe and questionnaire |
| Park et al (2022), South Korea [24] | Breast cancer, mean (SD): 53.33 (8.71) | Mobile app and smart pill bottle reminder with smart pill bottle reminder daily for 4 weeks. | Smart-home technologies | Usual care | Automatic smartphone records |
| Singleton et al (2023), Australia [47] | Breast cancer, mean (SD): 55.1 (11.1) | Text messages comprising 4 text messages weekly for 6 months. | Smart-home technologies | Usual care | Self-reported missed doses within the last 7 days |
| Guio et al (2024), Colombia [14] | Multiple myeloma, mean (SD): intervention group: 65.19 (10.45); control group: 62.25 (11.89) | Multimedia interactive information technologies. Contents are presented to patients and caregivers at the start of each 4-month cycle. | Information and communication technology | Conventional educational approach | MAQl |
EPOC: Effective Practice and Organisation of Care.
MMAS: Morisky Medical Adherence Scale.
K-MARS: Korean version of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale.
Breast, colorectal, gastrointestinal, leukemia, liver, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, pancreatic, prostate, renal, sarcoma, brain, esophageal, and other cancer.
RDI: relative dose intensity (defined as the ratio of the dose delivered over time to the prescribed dose intensity).
Hematologic, non–small cell lung, breast, high-grade glioma, sarcoma, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, melanoma, and nongastrointestinal stromal tumor sarcoma.
SMAQ: Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire.
Hematologic, breast, prostate, pulmonary, kidney, colon, cerebral, rectum, sarcoma, and other cancers.
Colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma.
OCAS: Oral Chemotherapy Adherence Scale.
Endocrine, breast, digestive, renal, central nervous system, sarcoma, gynecological, lung, hematological, melanoma, and other.
MAQ: Medication Adherence Questionnaire.