. 2025 Apr 24;20:414. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05824-x

Table 3.

SRAs between the left and right sides, and between men and women (°)

Level	Side		p	Gender		p
Level	Left	Right	p	Men	Women	p
T1	23.41 ± 7.31	23.37 ± 7.85	0.952	25.17 ± 7.66	21.61 ± 7.07	0.001^*#
T2	16.67 ± 5.29	17.80 ± 5.40	0.008^*	18.59 ± 5.05	15.88 ± 5.34	< 0.001^*
T3	13.34 ± 4.24	13.73 ± 4.58	0.228	14.93 ± 4.22	12.16 ± 4.16	< 0.001^*
T4	12.16 ± 3.60	12.37 ± 4.29	0.537	13.53 ± 3.77	11.00 ± 3.73	< 0.001^*#
T5	11.80 ± 4.18	12.80 ± 4.37	0.011^*#	13.69 ± 4.48	10.90 ± 3.62	< 0.001^*
T6	11.82 ± 4.08	13.63 ± 4.48	< 0.001^*	13.45 ± 4.23	12.00 ± 4.41	0.018^*
T7	11.56 ± 3.55	14.14 ± 4.50	< 0.001^*#	13.18 ± 3.64	12.52 ± 4.76	0.116^#
T8	12.39 ± 4.27	14.80 ± 4.87	< 0.001^*	13.87 ± 4.32	13.31 ± 5.10	0.128^#
T9	12.86 ± 4.55	14.98 ± 5.05	< 0.001^*#	13.92 ± 4.11	13.92 ± 5.61	0.454^#
T10	14.71 ± 4.52	16.19 ± 5.11	< 0.001^*	15.78 ± 4.82	15.11 ± 4.92	0.308^#
T11	19.33 ± 6.66	19.41 ± 6.20	0.329^#	19.40 ± 6.50	19.35 ± 6.37	0.996^#
T12	21.21 ± 8.19	21.23 ± 7.43	0.640^#	20.35 ± 6.24	22.10 ± 9.05	0.382^#
Mean	15.11 ± 6.53	16.20 ± 6.40	< 0.001 ^*#	16.32 ± 6.20	14.99 ± 6.71	< 0.001 ^*#

Abbreviations: SRA, safe range of the puncture inner inclination angle.

Data was expressed by mean ± standard deviation.

^* indicates significant differences between left and right or men and women (p < 0.05).

^# indicates measured data with non-normality.